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Junglefowl

Junglefowl are the four extant species of bird from the genus Gallus in the order Galliformes. They occur in parts of South and Southeast Asia. One of the species in this genus, the red junglefowl, is of historical importance as the direct ancestor of the domestic chicken, although the grey junglefowl, Sri Lankan junglefowl and green junglefowl are likely to have also been involved. The Sri Lankan junglefowl is the national bird of Sri Lanka. They diverged from their common ancestor about 4–6 million years ago. Although originating in Asia, junglefowl bones have also been found in Chile, which date back to 1321–1407 CE, providing evidence of possible Polynesian migration through the Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy
The genus Gallus was erected by the French scientist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Ornithologie published in 1760. The type species is the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). The Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus had introduced the genus Gallus in the 6th edition of his Systema Naturae published in 1748, but Linnaeus dropped the genus in the important tenth edition of 1758 and put the red junglefowl together with the common pheasant in the genus Phasianus. However, the red junglefowl and common pheasant are now known to have diverged about 18–23 million years ago, and belong to different subfamilies. More recent phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Gallus being the bamboo partridges in the genus Bambusicola, from which they diverged about 15 million years ago. Extant species The genus contains four species. }} ==Fossil record==
Fossil record
Prehistorically, the genus Gallus was found all over Eurasia; in fact, it appears to have evolved in southeastern Europe. Several fossil species have been described, but their distinctness is not firmly established in all cases: • Gallus aesculapii (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Greece) - possibly belongs into PavoGallus moldovicus (Late Pliocene of Moldavia) - sometimes misspelt moldavicus, may be synonym of Pavo bravardiGallus beremendensis (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Eastern Europe) • Giant junglefowl Gallus karabachensis (Early Pleistocene of Nagorno-Karabakh) • Gallus tamanensis (Early Pleistocene? of Taman Peninsula) • Gallus kudarensis (Early/Middle Pleistocene of Kudaro, South Ossetia) • Gallus europaeus (Middle Pleistocene of Italy) • Gallus sp. (Middle/Late Pleistocene of Trinka Cave, Moldavia) • Gallus imereticus (Late Pleistocene of Gvardjilas-Klde, Imeretia) • Gallus meschtscheriensis (Late Pleistocene of Soungir, Russia) • Gallus georgicus (Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene of Georgia) • Gallus sp. (Late Pleistocene of Krivtcha Cave, Ukraine) • Gallus sp. (Early Holocene of Dnieper region) ==References==
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