Mount Gamalama is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Between 1550 and 2015, 77 different eruptions have been documented. The 2015 eruption gave very short precursor signs (less than 24 hours). Eruptions range from basaltic
effusive lava flows to more violent
andesitic eruptions that are characterized with large and dangerous
pyroclastic flows. An eruption in 1775 caused the deaths of approximately 1300 people. On December 4, 2011 Mount Gamalama erupted, ejecting material up to 2,000 meters into the air. Thousands of residents in nearby
Ternate City fled due to ash and dust particles raining down on the town. Finally on December 27 some 4 people died and dozens injured from debris falls (
lahar) after a month of activity. More eruptions occurred in September 2012. An eruption on December 18, 2014, deposited five centimeters of ash on the runway of
Babullah Airport in
Ternate, closing the airport. == See also ==