GBU-57A/B MOP

In 2002, the US Air Force began the "Big BLU" (BLU = Bomb Live Unit) program to develop a series of very powerful conventional munitions. Two main weapons were associated with this concept: a blast variant, the GBU-43/B MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air Blast), a 21,700-pound conventional bomb designed to destroy a large area; and a penetrator variant, the GBU-57 MOP (Massive Ordnance Penetrator). The MOAB was developed in 2003, but the MOP project was paused for funding and technical difficulties. Bomb damage assessment during the 2003 invasion of Iraq revealed that the Air Force's bunker-busting bombs sometimes failed to destroy fortified military bunkers. This led to the resumption of the Big BLU project. In July 2004, the USAF asked defense contractors to develop a large, precision-guided bomb that could destroy targets deep underground, in caves, or in hardened bunkers. That year, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Eglin Air Force Base launched the MOP project. The MOP was designed by Boeing to be used with the B-2 Spirit. It was first tested in March 2007, in a DTRA tunnel at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. In July 2007, Northrop Grumman received a contract to refit the B-2, enabling it to carry two of the 14-ton bombs. Beginning in 2008, the MOP was tested under various conditions, including on rocket sleds at Holloman High Speed Test Track and from B-52 and B-2 strategic bomber aircraft at White Sands. Congress approved the acceleration of the project in October 2009, but funding delays and test-schedule changes delayed the deployment. The USAF finally began receiving the MOP in September 2011, and had received 16 MOPs by November 2011. By early 2013, the MOP had been integrated onto the B-2. By November 2015, at least 20 of the bombs had been delivered to the USAF. In October 2019, the USAF awarded $90 million contracts to two steel forging plants to make an unspecified number of case assemblies for the bomb's BLU-127C/B warhead. In 2024, it was announced that the production capacity of the GBU-57 was going to be at minimum tripled. ==Key components==

The GBU-57's explosive component is a bomb of the BLU-127 series, whose modular design accommodates improvements and upgrades. One variant of the BLU-127 bomb body contains of AFX-757 and of PBXN-114, a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX), for a total explosive payload of . The PBX is optimized for controlled detonation in confined spaces. The bomb's casing is made from high-density Eglin steel alloy, engineered to survive the extreme stresses of deep penetration before detonation. Attached to the BLU-127's tail, is a KMU-612 tail-kit which contains a GPS-assisted inertial navigation system guidance package, as well as control surfaces to maintain trajectory and allow for mid-course adjustments. The GBU-57 has grid fins, not the planar fins found on most conventional bombs, because they can fold for storage in a B-2's bomb bays and offer greater control at high speeds. Grid fins have higher drag than planar fins, and so are usually smaller. The GBU-57 is a precision-guided munition, able to strike within meters of its target. Detonation timing is managed by the Large Penetrator Smart Fuze (LPSF), which adjusts the moment of explosion based on impact depth and the characteristics of the underground structure. ==Combat use==

US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities The first combat use of the GBU-57 was during the United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites on June 22, 2025, when seven Northrop B-2 Spirit stealth bombers dropped twelve MOPs on the Fordow Uranium Enrichment Plant and two on the Natanz Nuclear Facility. There has been debate over whether the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) can reliably destroy Iran's deeply buried nuclear sites. The Fordow facility and the new halls under construction at Natanz are thought to lie more than underground, whereas the original Natanz enrichment plant sits roughly below the surface. The MOP is reportedly able to penetrate about of reinforced concrete with a compressive strength of . Iranian domestic research has produced concrete exceeding , which could sharply reduce the bomb's effective penetration depth. Advanced bunker-shell construction techniques can cause deflection or yaw. 2026 Iran war GBU-57 was used in combat in the 2026 Iran war. ==Specifications and capabilities==

• Length: • Diameter: The BBC reports that analysts at Janes Information Services say the weapon can penetrate about of earth or of concrete. Only the B-2 Spirit is configured to carry the MOP; the B-21 Raider is slated to carry it. It can also be preprogrammed to detonate at a specified depth. ==Users==

• • – At least 20 in service as of November 2015. ==Gallery==

File:Off loading of MOP cropped.jpg|MOP being offloaded in preparation for its first explosive test, 2007. File:Inside Tunnel MOP cropped.jpg|MOP underground at White Sands Missile Range before its first explosive test, 2007. File:MOP in the B-2 bomb bay.jpg|Mock up of MOP inside a bomb bay of a B-2 simulator, 2007. File:B-52 releases the MOP during a weapons test.jpg|B-52 releases a MOP during a weapons test, 2009. ==See also==