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Gee Jon

Gee Jon was a Chinese national who was the first person in the United States to be executed by lethal gas. Gee was sentenced to death for the 1921 murder of Tom Quong Kee in Mina, Nevada as part of a gang dispute. An unsuccessful attempt to pump poison gas directly into his cell at Nevada State Prison led to the development of the gas chamber.

Background
Gee Jon was born around 1895 in Canton to a Cantonese family. He immigrated to the United States between 1907 and 1908. He spent most of his life at San Francisco's Chinatown in California, though he was recorded as having lived in the Chinatown area of Stockton for three months. Gee became a member of the Hip Sing Tong, ==Murder of Tom Quong Kee==
Murder of Tom Quong Kee
Gee Jon was ordered by Hip Sing officials to perform a gang hit on 74-year-old Chinese laundry proprietor Tom Quong Kee (), a nominal member of the Bing Kong Tong, as well as the Four Brothers Tong. Hughie Sing, a 19-year-old from Carson City, newly recruited to the Hip Sing Tong and Gee's apprentice of two months, pointed Tom out as a target, having lived with Tom as an apprentice for two years before. They traveled to Mina from Reno on the 18th or 20 August, reportedly being seen by deputy sheriff W. J. Hammill asking about work at the local Palace Café. By then Hammill had heard rumors that the men he had seen were Tong members in town to kill Tom Quong Kee and were pretending to be job-seekers on their way to Tonopah as a cover. On the night of August 27, 1921, Gee and Sing knocked on the door of Tom's cabin, the former armed with a .38 caliber Colt revolver. When Tom answered the door in his pajamas, Gee, who was standing behind Sing, killed the elderly man with two shots to the heart. Tom's body was discovered the next morning by one of his friends, reporting his find to justice of the peace L. E. Cornelius, who in turn alerted Hammill. After finding two sets of footprints at the crime scene, Hammill made a possible link to the presence of two strangers he had seen the week before. Gee and Sing were apprehended the next morning on August 28 in Reno after Hammill phoned chief of police John Kirkley about two possible murder suspects driving back from Mina. Their arrests were considered unusual, as other Tong killings typically went unsolved, with at least three additional murders with suspected Tong involvement being reported by the end of August. However, Tom's murder was of particular interest as it was one of the few instances where violence between the warring factions took place outside of California. During interrogation, Sing confessed to his role in the murder and implicated Gee as the one to fire the fatal shots, under the belief that this would lead to his immediate release from custody. Both were held without bail at Mina jail. The Lung Kong Tin Yee Tong and Guan Kong Yee Tong had already issued rewards of $500 and $300 respectively for the capture of Tom's killers, but accepted a trial through the official courts. During their preliminary hearing on September 8, 1921, Sing recanted his confession and entered a not guilty plea along with Gee. That same year, trial took place from November 28 to December 3 at the Seventh Judicial District Court for Mineral County in Hawthorne, Nevada. A jury found them guilty of first-degree murder and on February 1922, both were sentenced to death by Judge J. Emmet Walsh. A motion for a new trial by Frame was denied. A bill authorizing the use of lethal gas had passed the Nevada State Legislature in 1921, making Gee and Sing eligible to become the first people to be executed by this method. They were incarcerated at the death row of Nevada State Prison in Carson City. While on death row, Gee's weight dropped from The Supreme Court of Nevada instead complimented the state legislators for "inflicting the death penalty in the most humane manner known to modern science". In an attempt to have Gee resentenced as well, three final appeals were launched by Frame to the state supreme court, the Ormsby County District Court and the U.S. District Court in Carson City, but all were denied between February 4–7, 1924. ==Death==
Death
supervised the execution. The officials first attempted to pump poison gas directly into Gee's cell while he was sleeping, measuring eleven feet long, ten feet wide, and eight feet high. Execution Gee Jon was executed in the morning hours of February 8, 1924. The prior evening, Gee had a final visitation with two friends and a cousin, A guard transporting Gee to the gas chamber reportedly muttered "Die like a man, Jon" to the inmate as he was tied onto a metal bench while the cyanide was being prepared. Gee wept as he was strapped into the chair until the captain of the guards told him to "Brace up!" After Gee was strapped in, one guard left and closed the chamber, inadvertently locking in the second guard, who was let out after pounding on the door. Gee's body was removed from the chamber at 12:20 p.m. and taken to the prison hospital. A group of seven doctors pronounced him dead but did not conduct an autopsy on the body out of concern that some remaining gas could be released. The disputed cause of death also caused concern for residents of Mineral County, some of whom feared that Gee "went to his grave in a state of suspended animation" and would haunt the area as a vengeful spectre. Reaction Before the execution, on January 28, 1924, Frank Curran, the former district attorney who had written the lethal gas legislation in 1921, voiced his opposition to the execution stating that the use of hydrogen cyanide would be "as brutal as clubbing a man to death". Warden Dickerson reported to Nevada governor James G. Scrugham and the legislature his opinion that the use of lethal gas was impractical and that he thought execution by firing squad was still the best method of execution. == See also ==
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