MarketGentisic acid
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Gentisic acid

Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, excreted by the kidneys.

Production
Gentisic acid is produced by carboxylation of hydroquinone. : This conversion is an example of a Kolbe–Schmitt reaction. Alternatively the compound can be synthesized from salicylic acid via Elbs persulfate oxidation. ==Metabolism==
Metabolism
In the presence of the enzyme gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase and oxygen, gentisic acid undergoes a ring-opening reaction to give 3-maleylpyruvic acid: This reaction has been used to detect gentisic acid with a whole-cell biosensor developed from a 3-maleylpyruvic acid-inducible gene expression system and the gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene from chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Cupriavidus necator. == Applications ==
Applications
As a hydroquinone, gentisic acid is readily oxidised and is used as an antioxidant excipient in some pharmaceutical preparations. In the laboratory, it is used as a sample matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, and has been shown to conveniently detect peptides incorporating the boronic acid moiety by MALDI. == References ==
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