When Judge
Addison Brown resigned his seat on the
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the members of the Admiralty Bar adopted a resolution in July 1901 asking the president to appoint Adams. He received a
recess appointment to that seat from President
William McKinley on August 30, 1901, and, following
McKinley's assassination on September 14, 1901, was formally nominated to the seat by President
Theodore Roosevelt on December 5, 1901. The
United States Senate confirmed Adams on December 17, 1901, and he received his commission the same day. When appointed, Adams was the only judge in the district. The workload resulting from new
federal bankruptcy laws caused his health to break down two years later; though three other judges were appointed to the district, Adams's health never fully recovered, but he served until his death, focusing on the
maritime cases that were his specialty. ==Family and death==