He was educated at the
Knox Academy,
Galesburg, Illinois, and at
Yale, where he graduated in 1867, and in 1869 received the degree of
Ph.D. there for postgraduate studies. In 1869 he was appointed as professor of natural history in the
University of Vermont, and in 1898 he became dean of the natural science department. Beginning in 1880, he held the office of state entomologist of Vermont. In 1895, he left that post to become the state geologist. He devoted considerable study to the
archaeology of the
Champlain Valley, concerning which he wrote numerous articles for periodicals and the transactions of scientific societies of which he was a member. He has also lectured on natural history with success in various places. ==Writings==