Lord Orford was the only child of the
2nd Earl of Orford and his wife
Margaret Rolle, who was Baroness Clinton in her own right. His parents separated shortly after his birth. His father's mistress,
Hannah Norsa, a celebrated singer and actress at
Covent Garden, took up residence at Houghton Hall from 1736 until his father's death in 1751. Orford's mother married again that year and was buried at
Leghorn (Livorno) in 1781, "a woman of very singular character and considered half mad". On his father's death, 31 March 1751, he succeeded as 3rd
Earl of Orford. On the death of his mother in 1781 he became the sixteenth
Baron Clinton. An intended marriage to an heiress, Margaret Nicoll, was disrupted by his uncle
Lord Walpole of Wolterton. Instead, Margaret married the
Duke of Chandos. Resident at
Houghton Hall in Norfolk between 1751 and 1791, he served as High Steward of
King's Lynn, recently (but by then no longer) the nation's third-most important port because of the expansion of transatlantic trade from the west coast, and also High Steward of
Yarmouth, then a major fishing port. He also served as a
Lord of the Bedchamber to
King George II until the latter's death, and then to
King George III until 1782. He was
Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk from 1757 and took an active part in reforming the
county militia in 1758 during the
Seven Years' War. He appointed the Hon
George Townshend and
Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet, as the
colonels of the West and East Norfolk Regiments respectively. Orford marched at the head of the regiments when they paraded before the King on their way to garrison
Portsmouth. Townshend soon resumed his regular army career, and when the militia were next embodied, in 1778 during the
American War of Independence when Britain was threatened with invasion by the Americans' allies, France and Spain, Orford took personal command of the
West Norfolk Militia. He was an enthusiastic and innovative commander: when the regiment was stationed at
Aldeburgh on the
Suffolk coast in 1778–9 he rejected unfit men, organised better food supplies, chased smugglers, devised amphibious training exercises and emphasised musketry training rather than parade ground drill. Orford was a celebrated
falconer. He also enjoyed
hare coursing and founded
Swaffham Coursing Club in 1776, initially with twenty-six members, each naming their greyhounds after a different alphabet letter. For some years it was the leading coursing club in England, holding several meetings a year. He also organised coursing for neighbouring farmers and provided prizes. He became extravagant (his father died probably bankrupt) and increasingly eccentric and eventually died insane. He left no legitimate heirs, having never married, and at his death, aged 61, his titles – except the title of
Baron Clinton, which due to its great antiquity had the peculiarity of being able to descend through the female line and passed into the Trefusis family, descendants of Walpole's great-aunt Bridget Rolle (1648–1721) – were passed to his uncle,
Horace Walpole, who also took the still heavily encumbered Houghton estate. Walpole is buried in the
Church of St Martin at Tours on the
Houghton Hall estate. There is documentary evidence that he had an illegitimate daughter, named Georgina Walpole, whose mother was Mary Sparrow of Eriswell. ==Gross mismanagement and extravagance==