First patrol U-198 began her first active war patrol on 9 March 1943, departing
Kiel under the command of
Fregattenkapitän Werner Hartmann. The new submarine headed south around South Africa to hunt the waters between Madagascar and the African mainland. Her first taste of combat arrived on 5 April 1943 northeast of the
Cape Verde Islands. At 18.10 hours, the submarine was sighted and attacked by a British
Short Sunderland flying boat with eight depth charges. One of them bounced off the stern without detonating. At 20.40 hours, the same aircraft attacked again with four more depth charges.
U-198 escaped unharmed. A little over two months after departing Kiel,
U-198 scored her first success of the war, torpedoing and sinking the British steam merchant ship
Northmoor northeast of
Durban on 17 May. Two anti-submarine trawlers and an escorting aircraft retaliated furiously, dropping about 55 depth charges but
U-198 escaped without damage. Two days later, the submarine was spotted and attacked by a British
PBY Catalina aircraft. The U-boat was not damaged, but effective anti-aircraft fire hit the flying boat, forcing it to return to base on one engine.
POWs On the evening of 29 May 1943,
U-198 torpedoed the unescorted British motor merchantman
Hopetarn about east of Durban. 37 souls survived this attack, although the second officer was taken prisoner by the submarine crew. At the end of the patrol he was sent to the
POW camp at
Milag Nord. While tracking a small convoy on 31 May,
U-198 was sighted by the escorts. Attacks from one of the
corvettes drove the submarine deep but caused no serious damage. A little while later, the submarine drove off an approaching British Catalina with gunfire and then crash-dived to escape, losing the convoy in the process. The morning of 5 June 1943 found
U-198 stalking her next victim, the unescorted British motor merchant vessel
Dumra. Two torpedoes at 07.50 hours destroyed the merchant ship's bow, but she remained afloat. A coup de grâce ten minutes later hit amidships, causing her to sink immediately. This final torpedo killed the ship's master (who was blown overboard by the blast) and 24 men in a lifeboat that had already abandoned the sinking freighter. The chief engineer, Henry Townsend Graham, was taken prisoner. At 13.18 hours the U-boat hit the American
Liberty Ship William King with one of two torpedoes as she traveled on a zig-zag course about east of
Durban. A coup de grâce about 45 minutes later caused her to sink by the stern in about ten minutes. After questioning the survivors, the ship's master (Owen Harvey Reed) was taken prisoner. He and the chief engineer of
Dumra were transferred to the German supply ship
Charlotte Schliemann and handed over to the Japanese at Batavia (in modern Indonesia) in August. Both men died in captivity on 18 September 1944 when the Japanese
hell ship that was transporting them,
Junyo Maru, was sunk by the British submarine . A month passed before
U-198 encountered her next victim, the Greek steam merchantman
Hydraios. A single torpedo followed by a coup de grâce fifteen minutes later sealed her fate. All 40 men aboard survived, although after questioning the survivors, the Germans confiscated the ship's papers and a cashbox containing 682 Egyptian pounds. Early the next day,
U-198 located the British steam merchantman
Leana. The submarine shelled the vessel with 147 rounds from her deck gun before finishing the job with a coup de grâce torpedo a little over an hour after the shelling began. Two men were killed by the submarine's gunfire, the master, (Joseph Crosthwaite), was taken prisoner. When the patrol ended, he was sent to Milag Nord. The final kill of this patrol occurred on 1 August 1943.
U-198 fired two torpedoes at the Dutch steam merchant vessel
Mangkalihat which was traveling with
convy BC-2, transporting a cargo of copper, sisal and tobacco. The first two shots missed so the U-boat fired her last torpedo at 18.51 hours, scoring a hit that eventually sank the ship (she foundered on 4 August while under tow).
U-198 turned for home and terminated this highly successful patrol at
Bordeaux on 24 September 1943.
Second Patrol Oberleutnant zur See Burkhard Heusinger von Waldegg took command on 21 January 1944 and the submarine was transferred from Bordeaux to
La Pallice.
U-198 began her second and final patrol on 20 April 1944, sailing again around South Africa and into the Indian Ocean.
En route, she was attacked by two
Ventura patrol aircraft. Effective anti-aircraft fire drove the attackers off;
U-198 received only slight damage in return and continued south to her assigned patrol area. 16 June brought the U-boat crew their first success of the patrol. The unescorted South African steam merchant ship
Columbine was hit on the port side by one torpedo. The crew began to abandon ship and were still in the process of doing so when a coup de grâce struck eight minutes after the first hit, causing the ship to sink very rapidly. 23 men died, including the ship's master. About a month later, on 15 July,
U-198 torpedoed the British steam merchant vessel
Director in the Mozambique channel (between the African mainland and Madagascar). One man died, the remaining 56 were picked up by the Portuguese
sloop Gonçalves Zarco. On 19 July,
U-198 fired torpedoes at an unidentified freighter and was counter-attacked by an escorting corvette. The torpedoes missed and no damage was suffered from depth charges. Ranging farther up the east coast of Africa,
U-198 sighted
convoy DKA-21 on 6 August 1944 and attacked, sinking the British motor merchant vessel
Empire City east of
Mocímboa da Praia,
Portuguese East Africa (now Mozambique). Two crew (Engineers) were lost from a total complement of 70. The following day,
U-198 scored her final kill, sinking the British motor merchantman
Empire Day. All 43 crew and gunners managed to abandon the sinking ship, however the U-boat crew took the chief officer of the ship, Robert Courteney Selfe, prisoner. The remaining crew landed safely on the island of
Zanzibar.
Loss On 12 August 1944,
U-198 was depth charged and sunk by the British frigate
HMS Findhorn and the Indian
sloop in position (near the Seychelles). The entire crew of the submarine was killed, as well as the first officer of
Empire Day, a total of 66 men. ==Summary of raiding history==