First colonization attempts Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and
King of Spain granted rights to the
Augsburg banking families of Anton and Bartholomeus
Welser in 1528 to colonize Venezuela. By 1531, the Welsers controlled the privilege. They set up a colonization scheme and sent
Ambrosius Ehinger as governor to
Santa Ana de Coro (), the capital of Klein-Venedig or Welserland (as it was known in Germany) in 1529. On October 7, 1528, Ehinger left
Seville with the Spaniard
García de Lerma and 281 settlers and they headed towards the Venezuelan coast, where they arrived on February 24, 1529, at the region of
Santa Ana de Coro. From there, he explored the interior searching for the city of
El Dorado, a legendary golden city, whose myth had been created by the Spanish through a misunderstanding of indigenous
Muisca traditions combined with the European desire for wealth. The myth was fueled by stories of a
Muisca ceremony where a chief was covered in gold dust and washed in a lake, misinterpreted by the Spanish as evidence of a city made of gold. On September 8, 1529 Ehinger founded the colony of New Nuremberg (), today known as
Maracaibo. The aforementioned rights were revoked in 1546 by Emperor
Charles V due to non-compliance with the stipulations. Many of the German settlers died from tropical diseases, to which they had no
immunity, or hostile Indian attacks during frequent journeys deep into
Indian territory in search of gold. When
Juan de Carvajal was founding
El Tocuyo in 1545, Spaniards and some German-speakers (German, Flemish and Swiss that did not agree with the Welser government) headed to that new town. Conversely, those Germans, some of them marrying Spanish and aboriginal ladies, decided to use a Spanish surname instead of using a Germanic one. After some intentions of
Nicolaus Federmann, George Hohermuth von Speier to consolidate a German State in this land, and after the death of Bartholomeus Welser and
Philipp von Hutten, that ended up with the death of Juan de Carvajal, the
Council of the Indies determined to cease the German administration upon Venezuela in 1546, because the Welser did not fulfill the treat of establishing cities and fortress and bringing settlers. In addition, there are two town known as
Cuara. One to the south of "Valles de Quibor" where its inhabitants state out that they descend from those Welser settlers . The other "Cuara" today "Campo Elias" near to Urachiche in the State of Yaracuy, where inhabitants, though having aboriginal features, also have blue and green eyes, hazel or blond hairs, claiming that they also descends from those Welsers that came to Venezuela approximately 500 years ago. There is a saying in Cuara
Quibor about the first Venezuela President
Jose Antonio Paez Herrera. It is said that his mother Maria Violante Herrera was born in that Larense town. She had as a nickname "La Catira de los ojos azules" (The blue-eyed creole blonde [The term "catira" is a feminine form of "catire", a Venezuelan slang of "blond."])
Governors, Mayors and Lieutenant-Governors between 1528 and 1556 German Toponomy of in the regional geography • Posesión Federmann or Sabana de Federmann to the north of
Barquisimeto,
Lara. • Quebrada de von Hutten, near to Vela de Coro and Puerto Cumarébo, Falcón. • Alemán, 94 km to the west of
Barquisimeto,
Lara. • Welsares a suburb in Cuara, to the southwest of
Barquisimeto. • Wohnsiedler, a square in
Barquisimeto • Frawenthal, a valley right to the south of
Barquisimeto Foundation of Colonia Tovar After those first colonization attempts in the 16th century, Germans did not emigrate to Venezuela again until 1842. Between 1814 and 1842, some regions of Germany suffered heavy economic losses, while their inhabitants were paying high taxes. This caused great poverty in the country, which gave many Germans the desire to immigrate in order to escape poverty. To all this must be added that Germans had an excellent reputation as settlers. This positive image was created by pioneers in
Brazil. On the other hand, Venezuela at the beginning of the 19th century, didn't have much political weight, so there was no fear or interference on their part. During the second government of
José Antonio Páez, the Congress enacted, in May 1840, a new immigration law which provided for a policy of economic and cultural exchanges between Venezuela and Europe. The entrepreneurs received loans on the condition that they accept immigrants over a period of two years. Given the huge population deficit that existed at that time in Venezuela, the Minister of Interior and Justice at the time, Angel Quintero, called for collaboration to
Agustín Codazzi (traveler and geographer) so that he could indicate the lands eligible to attract European immigration in order to increase the productivity of the country. From the outset, Codazzi thought of Germany because of its economic situation. Along with Alexander Benitz, he began planning an organized immigration. Codazzi made explorations in various fields owned by the family Tovar, who had offered to donate them to establish a colony. Once in Tovar, it was found that of the eighty houses promised only twenty had been built. In addition, the assigned land had been deforested. Nor was there an access road. The administrator to the settlers exploited them for labor and prevented them from leaving the colony. This situation did not improve until 1845, when the government dismissed the administrator from office. Then, in 1852 the territory was transferred to the colony's families. Between 1858 and 1870, the colony was sacked twice, and once was completely destroyed by flames. From 1870, colonists began to successfully grow coffee. In 1877, Colonia Tovar had only 200 people living there. In 1920 they numbered 850. Additionally between 1951 and 1954, there were about 53 families of German origin (some from Bukovina) that were refugees in
Colonia agrícola de Turén (State of Portuguesa) . They have farms and agriculture industries. As a witness, they still maintain institutions in order to preserve their language and culture, for example the Lutheran Church that holds periodically mass services in German. == Germans from the remote south of Brazil ==