of human male chromosomes using Giemsa staining It is specific for the
phosphate groups of
DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of
adenine-
thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called
G-banding, to stain
chromosomes and often used to create a
karyogram (chromosome map). It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as
translocations and
rearrangements. It stains the
trophozoite Trichomonas vaginalis, the parasite responsible for the sexually transmitted disease
trichomoniasis, which presents with greenish discharge and motile cells on wet prep. Giemsa stain is also a
differential stain, such as when it is combined with
Wright stain to form Wright–Giemsa stain. It can be used to study the adherence of
pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for
histopathological diagnosis of the
Plasmodium species that cause
malaria and some other
spirochete and
protozoan blood parasites. It is also used to stain
Wolbachia cells in host tissue. Giemsa stain is a classic
blood film stain for
peripheral blood smears and
bone marrow specimens.
Erythrocytes stain pink,
platelets show a light pale pink,
lymphocyte cytoplasm stains sky blue,
monocyte cytoplasm stains pale blue, and
leukocyte nuclear
chromatin stains magenta. It is also used to visualize the classic "safety pin" shape in
Yersinia pestis. " viral inclusions, associated with
Cytomegalovirus infection. Giemsa stain is also used to visualize
chromosomes. This is particularly relevant for detection of
Cytomegalovirus infection, where the classical finding would be an "
owl-eye" viral inclusion. Giemsa stains the fungus
Histoplasma,
Chlamydia bacteria, and can be used to identify
mast cells. ==Generation==