On May 19, 1976, Nelson, backed by the conservative REGRO faction of the party, defeated
Andrew Card, the consensus choice of the moderates, by two votes to become Chairman of the Republican State Committee. He was the first Jew elected to this position. Nelson was also a delegate to that year's
Republican National Convention. Nelson sought to win elections with a conservative ideology and grassroots campaigning. He sought to convert conservative, ethnic Democrats to the Republican party, as he thought they would feel more at home in a conservative Republican Party than a liberal Democratic one. To raise grassroots support and soften the party's "
Rich Brahmin" image, Nelson launched a door-to-door effort to recruit new workers to local committees called Project Precinct. Nelson was one of
RNC Chairman Bill Brock's most tenacious adversaries. Nelson desired an ideological crusade while Brock emphasized technological innovation. On April 8, 1980, he was defeated by State Representative
Andrew Natsios 41 votes to 35. ==Later life and death==