Anita Roddick

Anita Lucia Perella Her surname at birth was registered as Perella. She was educated in Littlehampton, at St Joseph's Convent and Maude Allen secondary modern school. She then trained as a schoolteacher at Newton Park College of Education in Bath, Somerset, following which she taught history and English at Maude Allen school. ==The Body Shop==

Roddick opened her first Body Shop in Brighton, England in 1976, with the goal of earning an income for herself and her two daughters while her husband was away in South America. She wanted to provide quality skincare products in refillable containers and sample sizes, all marketed with truth rather than hype. She opened her second shop six months later. On her husband's return, he joined the business. In a May 2002 article in The Globe and Mail, Jon Entine reported that Roddick had copied the name, concept and original brochures from the original Body Shop which was started in Berkeley, California in 1970 and had three stores when Roddick visited the Bay Area in the early 1970s. Roddick's original brochures were near-verbatim copies of material produced by the Berkeley-based Body Shop. As a consequence the original Body Shop renamed itself Body Time and remained in business until April 2018. By 1991, the Body Shop had 700 branches, and Roddick was awarded the 1991 World Vision Award for Development Initiative. In 1996 she told Third Way: {{cquote|The original Body Shop was a series of brilliant accidents. It had a great smell, it had a funky name. It was positioned between two funeral parlours—that always caused controversy. It was incredibly sensuous. It was 1976, the year of the heatwave, so there was a lot of flesh around. We knew about storytelling then, so all the products had stories. We recycled everything, not because we were environmentally friendly, but because we didn't have enough bottles. It was a good idea. What was unique about it, with no intent at all, no marketing nous, was that it translated across cultures, across geographical barriers and social structures. It wasn't a sophisticated plan, it just happened like that. Some controversy and criticism was raised, as L'Oréal was known to use animal testing and the company was part-owned by Nestlé. The latter had been criticised for its treatment of third-world producers. Roddick addressed the issues directly in an interview with The Guardian. It reported that: ...she sees herself as a kind of 'Trojan horse' who by selling her business to a huge firm will be able to influence the decisions it makes. Suppliers who had formerly worked with the Body Shop will in future have contracts with L'Oréal, and whilst working with the company 25 days a year Roddick was able to have an input into decisions. ==Charitable work==

Roddick was known for her campaigning work on environmental issues and was a member of the advisory council for the think tank, Demos. However, despite Roddick's high profile statements regarding The Body Shop's charitable mission, it did not make charitable donations for its first 11 years of operation. After the company entered the stock exchange in 1984, the first sponsorship, which was made possible by the wealth generated by the IPO, was for Greenpeace posters in 1985. On 13 December 2005, the National Post reported that Roddick had announced that she intended to use her fortune for philanthropy; it was estimated at £51 million ($104 million). Between 2009 and 2014, the Roddick Foundation gave four grants totalling £120,000 to CAGE, an organisation led by Mozzam Begg, that aimed "to raise awareness of the plight of the prisoners at Guantánamo Bay and other detainees held as part of the War on Terror". The Foundation, along with two other charities, agreed to cease funding CAGE under pressure from the Charity Commission, which had expressed concern that funding CAGE risked damaging public confidence in charity. Lord Carlile, formerly the British Government's independent reviewer of anti-terrorism legislation, said: "I would never advise anybody to give money to CagePrisoners. I have concerns about the group". In 2015, the charity commission agreed to cease to interfere with charities' right to fund CAGE, if they wished, following a judicial review. The judicial review heard testimony that a British Cabinet Minister and US intelligence had applied pressure on the charity commission to investigate CAGE. ==Illness==

In 2004, Roddick was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis due to long-standing hepatitis C. She did not reveal her illness until 14 February 2007. She said, "I have hepatitis C. It's a bit of a bummer, but you groan and move on". and that her main symptoms were itching and poor concentration. She briefly mentioned that medical treatment with interferon did not suit her. She said that she kept fit and active, and that she attended biannual out-patient hospital appointments in Southampton, as well as being under review by the liver transplant team at the Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. ==Death ==

Dame Anita Roddick died of a massive stroke at about 6:30pm on 10 September 2007, after being admitted to St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, the previous evening suffering from a severe headache. After her death in 2007, her widower, Gordon Roddick, founded 38 Degrees in her memory. He said, "I knew what would make Anita really laugh would be to cause a lot of trouble." Gordon Roddick ( Thomas Gordon Roddick) was knighted in 2025. ==Awards and honours==

• 1984 – Veuve Clicquot Businesses Woman of the Year • 1988 – Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) • 1988 – Honorary Doctorate from the University of Sussex • 1991 – Center for World Development Education's World Vision Award, USA • 1993 – Banksia Foundation's Australia Environmental Award • 1993 – Mexican Environmental Achiever Award • 1993 – National Audubon Society Medal, USA • 1994 – Botwinick Prize in Business Ethics, USA • 1994 – University of Michigan's Annual Business Leadership Award, USA • 1995 - University of Victoria, Honorary Doctorate, Canada • 1995 – Women's Business Development Center's First Annual Woman Power Award, USA • 1996 – Women's Center's Leadership Award, USA • 1996 – The Gleitsman Foundation's Award of Achievement, USA • 1997 – United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Honouree, Eyes on the Environment • 1999 – Honorary Degree (Doctor of Laws) from the University of Bath • 1999 – British Environment & Media Award • 1999 – Chief Wiper-Away of Ogoni Tears, Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, Nigeria • 2001 – International Peace Prayer Day Organisation's Woman of Peace • 2003 – Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) • 2004 – Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, The Sage Colleges • 2005 – Shell liveWIRE survey of inspirational role models, third place after 1) Richard Branson 2) Friends/family 3) Anita Roddick 4) James Dyson 5) Sahar Hashemi • 2006 – Spirit of the Rainforest Award, Rainforest Action Network ==Bibliography==