Flora of Colombia

The national flower of Colombia is the orchid Cattleya trianae which was named after the Colombian naturalist José Jerónimo Triana. The orchid was selected by botanist Emilio Robledo, in representation of the Colombian Academy of History to determine the most representative flowering plant of Colombia. He described it as one of the most beautiful flowers in the world and selected Cattleya trianae as National symbol. ==National Tree of Colombia==

The national tree of Colombia is the palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Quindío wax palm) which was named after the Colombian Department of Quindío where is located the Cocora valley, the only habitat of this restricted range species. The Quindío wax palm was selected as the national tree by the government of Belisario Betancur and was the first tree officially declared as a protected species in Colombia. C.quindiuense is the only palm that grows at such high altitudes in Colombia and is the tallest monocot in the world. ==Endemism==

species worldwide. Most of them are endemic species in the Colombian pacific coast have many endemic plants. Colombia has the largest number of endemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the wide diversity of habitats available due to the variety of altitudes, weather conditions, temperatures, soils and sunlight on the coasts, in the Andes and in the rainforest lowlands. Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms. Ecoregions with high endemism According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of botanic endemic species: • Colombian Amazon basin • Catatumbo River basin • Mid Magdalena River basin • Pacific coastal region ==Tree species==

Many of the Colombian trees are endangered species due to the high quality of the woods and timber industry exploitation (such as Colombian oak Quercus humboldtidiana and Colombian mahogany) and as source of tanning substances for the leather industry (such as mangrove and Encenillo tree Weinmannia tomentosa). Some tree species described in Colombia are: '') '') '' • Anadenanthera peregrina • Amazon Grape • Adenolisianthus arboreus • Aiouea angulata • Anthodiscus montanus • Astrocaryum triandrum • Attalea septuagenata • Bactris coloniata • Banara ibaguensis • Blakea granatensis • Bonnetia holostyla • Bulnesia carrapo • Brazil Nut • Borojoa patinoi • Caryocar nuciferum • Caryodaphnopsis cogolloi • Casearia megacarpa • Coccothrinax argentata • Cryosophila kalbreyeri • Cyathea incana • Cyrilla racemiflora • Chelyocarpus dianeurus • Cherimoya • Dendropanax colombianus • Esenbeckia alata • Feijoa • Guaiacum officinale • Garcia nutans • Graffenrieda grandifolia • Hirtella enneandra • Huberodendron patinoi • Hampea thespesioides • Henriettella goudotiana • Humiriastrum melanocarpum • Itaya amicorum • Macrosamanea consanguinea • Neosprucea sararensis • Platonia insignis • Quararibea asterolepis • Quararibea cordata • Ouratea tumacoensis • Reinhardtia ssp. • Ruehssia cundurango • Simaba cedron • Syagrus smithii • Tessmannianthus quadridomius • Trigonobalanus excelsa ==Fruits of Colombia==

Image:Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 7.jpg|Chontaduro fruit (Bactris gasipaes) Image:Tamarillos.jpg|Tomato tree or tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) Image:Melicoccus bijugatus.jpg|Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus) File:Psidium cattleianum fruit.jpg|Arazá or Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) Image:Physalis.jpg|Uchuva or Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis edulis) Image:Soursop fruit.jpg|Guanabana or Soursop fruit (Annona muricata) Image:Gui1 cashewfruit2.jpg|Marañon or Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Acca sellowiana Fruit MHNT Fronton.jpg|Feijoa or Pineapple guava (Feijoa sellowiana) Image:Lulo.jpg|Lulo or Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Image:Starr_010423-0066_Passiflora_tarminiana.jpg|Curuba Image:Passiflora fruit 8043.jpg|Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Gulupa or purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) ==Genera==

There are over 3900 Genera in the flora of Colombia ) ===Leptolejeunea=== • Leptolejeunea tridentata ===Macrolobium=== • Macrolobium pittieri ===Magnolia=== • Magnolia calimaensis • Magnolia calophylla • Magnolia cararensis • Magnolia caricifragrans • Magnolia cespedesii • Magnolia colombiana • Magnolia espinalii • Magnolia georgii • Magnolia gilbertoi • Magnolia guatapensis • Magnolia henaoi • Magnolia hernandezii • Magnolia katiorum • Magnolia lenticellata • Magnolia mahechae • Magnolia narinensis • Magnolia polyhypsophylla • Magnolia santanderiana • Magnolia urraoense • Magnolia virolinensis • Magnolia wolfii • Magnolia yarumalense ===Mayna=== • Mayna pubescens • Mayna suaveolens ===Meriania=== • Meriania peltata • Meriania versicolor ===Metteniusa=== • Metteniusa cundinamarcensis • Metteniusa edulis • Metteniusa huilensis • Metteniusa santanderensis ===Miconia=== • Miconia poecilantha ===Moquilea=== • Moquilea salicifolia ===Oenocarpus=== • Oenocarpus circumtextus • Oenocarpus makeru • Oenocarpus simplex ===Orphanodendron=== • Orphanodendron bernalii ===Parmentiera=== • Parmentiera stenocarpa ===Passiflora=== • Passiflora tarminiana ===Phytelephas=== • Phytelephas seemannii • Phytelephas tumacana ===Pouteria=== • Pouteria arguacoensium • Pouteria bracteata • Pouteria chocoensis • Pouteria espinae ===Pradosia=== • Pradosia cuatrecasasii ===Prunus=== • Prunus buxifolia • Prunus guanaiensis • Prunus huantensis • Prunus integrifolia • Prunus littlei • Prunus subcorymbosa • Prunus villegasiana, synonym of Prunus integrifolia ===Rinorea=== • Rinorea antioquiensis • Rinorea cordata • Rinorea haughtii • Rinorea hymenosepala • Rinorea laurifolia • Rinorea marginata • Rinorea ulmifolia ===Rollinia=== • Rollinia amazonica • Rollinia pachyantha • Rollinia rufinervis ===Romeroa=== • Romeroa verticillata ===Schoenocephalium=== • Inírida flower ===Solanum=== • Solanum sibundoyense • Solanum betaceum (tamarillo) ===Streptosolen=== • Streptosolen jamesonii ===Swartzia=== • Swartzia macrophylla • Swartzia oraria • Swartzia robiniifolia • Swartzia santanderensis ===Utricularia=== • Utricularia neottioides • Utricularia nervosa • Utricularia oliveriana • Utricularia pusilla • Utricularia triloba ===Vantanea=== • Vantanea magdalenensis ===Wettinia=== • Wettinia anomala • Wettinia disticha • Wettinia fascicularis • Wettinia hirsuta • Wettinia kalbreyeri ===Xylosma=== • Xylosma obovata ===Zamia=== • Zamia amplifolia • Zamia encephalartoides • Zamia montana • Zamia wallisii ===Zygia=== • Zygia lehmannii ==Orchid species==

Colombia has the largest number of orchids in the world. Among others: Image:Restrepia antennifera Orchi 02.jpg|Restrepia antennifera Image:Restrepia aristulifera Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia aristulifera Image:Restrepia aspasicensium Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia aspasicensium Image:Restrepia brachypus Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia brachypus Image:Restrepia contorta Orchi 02.jpg|Restrepia contorta Image:Restrepia cuprea Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia cuprea] Image:Restrepia dodsonii Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia dodsonii Image:Restrepia elegans.jpg|Restrepia elegans Image:Restrepia falkenbergii Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia falkenbergii Image:Restrepia flosculata Orchi 02.jpg|Restrepia flosculata Image:Restrepia guttulata Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia guttulata Image:Restrepia iris Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia iris Image:Restrepia lansbergii Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia lansbergii Image:Restrepia muscifera Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia muscifera Image:Restrepia nittiorhyncha Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia nittiorhyncha Image:Restrepia pandurata Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia pandurata Image:Restrepia roseola Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia roseola Image:Restrepia sanguinea Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia sanguinea Image:Restrepia teaguei Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia teaguei Image:Restrepia trichoglossa.jpg|Restrepia trichoglossa Image:Restrepia wageneri Orchi 01.jpg|Restrepia wageneri Image:Masdevallia agaster.jpg|Masdevallia agaster Image:Masdevallia angulifera Orchi 01.jpg|Masdevallia angulifera Image:Masdevallia barlaeana.jpg|Masdevallia barlaeana Image:Masdevallia bicolor.jpg|Masdevallia bicolor Image:Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis.jpg|Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis Image:Masdevallia civilis.jpg|Masdevallia civilis Image:Masdevallia caudata Orchi 01.jpg|Masdevallia caudata Image:Masdevallia urosalpinx.jpg|Masdevallia constricta Image:Masdevallia floribunda Orchi 03.jpg|Masdevallia floribunda Image:Masdevallia fractiflexa.jpg|Masdevallia fractiflexa Image:Masdevallia herradurae Orchi 05.jpg|Masdevallia herradurae Image:Masdevallia ignea.jpg|Masdevallia ignea Image:Masdevallia-mejiana.jpg|Masdevallia mejiana Image:Masdevalliaventricosa2.jpg|Masdevallia nidifica Image:Masdevallia rolfeana.jpg|Masdevallia rolfeana Image:Masdevallia striatella.jpg|Masdevallia striatella Image:Masdevallia tovarensis.jpg|Masdevallia tovarensis Image:Masdevallia triangularis.jpg|Masdevallia triangularis Image:Masdevalliaveitchiana.jpg|Masdevallia veitchiana Image:Masdevalliaventricularia2.jpg|Masdevallia ventricularia Image:Masdevallia pteroglossa.jpg|Masdevallia wageneriana Image:Masdevallia weberbaueri OrchidsBln0906.jpg|Masdevallia weberbaueri Image:Dracula chestertonii.jpg|Dracula chestertonii Image:Dracula cordobae.jpg|Dracula cordobae Image:Dracula houtteana.jpg|Dracula houtteana Image:Dracula lotax toapel.jpg|Dracula lotax Image:Dracula sodiroi.jpg|Dracula sodiroi Image:Dracula vampira.jpg|Dracula vampira Image:Pleurothallis racemiflora.jpg|Pleurothallis racemiflora Image:Pleurothallis tubata.jpg|Pleurothallis tubata Image:Oncidium-brunleesianum.jpg|Oncidium brunleesianum Image:Oncidium cebolleta.jpg|Oncidium cebolleta Image:Oncidium croesus.jpg|Oncidium croesus Image:Odontoglossum cruentum Orchi 01.jpg|Oncidium cruentoides Image:Oncidium floridanum.jpg|Oncidium ensatum Image:Oncidium flexuosum.jpg|Oncidium flexuosum Image:Oncidium forbesii.jpg|Oncidium forbesii Image:Oncidium graminifolium.jpg|Oncidium graminifolium Image:Oncidium harrisonianum.jpg|Oncidium harrisonianum Image:Oncidium incurvum.jpg|Oncidium incurvum Image:Oncidium obryzatum.jpg|Oncidium klotzschianum Image:Oncidium macronix.jpg|Oncidium longicornu Image:Oncidium longipes.jpg|Oncidium longipes Image:Oncidium luridum.jpg|Oncidium luridum Image:Oncidium nubigenum Orchi 01.jpg|Oncidium nubigenum Image:Oncidium ochmatocilum.jpg|Oncidium ochmatochilum Image:Oncidium ornithorhyncum.jpg|Oncidium ornithorhynchum Image:Oncidium papilio 01.jpg|Oncidium papilio Image:Oncidium phalaenopsis Orchi 01.jpg|Oncidium phalaenopsis Image:Oncidium spacelatum1.jpg|Oncidium sphacelatum Image:Oncidium splendidum0.jpg|Oncidium splendidum Image:Oncidium varicosum.jpg|Oncidium varicosum Image:Oncidium pulvinatum.jpg|Trichocentrum divaricatum, syn. Oncidium divaricatum Image:Lemboglossum bictoniense.jpg|Odontoglossum bictoniense (Rhynchostele bictoniensis) Image:Odontoglossum cordatum01.jpg|Odontoglossum cordatum (Rhynchostele cordata) Image:Odontoglossum grande Orchi 003.jpg|Odontoglossum grande (Rossioglossum grande) Image:Odontoglossum pulchellum Orchi 03.jpg|Odontoglossum pulchellum (Cuitlauzina pulchella) Image:Odontoglossum tenue Orchi 01.jpg|Odontoglossum tenue Image:Gongora galeata OrchidsBln0906b.jpg|Gongora galeata Image:Gongora ilense Orchi 01.jpg|Gongora ilense Image:Gongora truncata semialba.jpg|Gongora truncata Image:Stelis argentata.jpg|Stelis argentata Image:Cattleya aclandiae Orchi 01.jpg|Cattleya aclandiae Image:Cattleya aurantiaca.jpg|Guarianthe aurantiaca Image:Cattleya bicolor.jpg|Cattleya bicolor Image:Cattleya bowringiana.jpg|Guarianthe bowringiana Image:Cattleya dowiana 1880.jpg|Cattleya dowiana Image:Cattleya gaskelliana.jpg|Cattleya gaskelliana Image:Cattleya guttata Orchi 05.jpg|Cattleya guttata Image:Cattleya harrisoniana.jpg|Cattleya harrisoniana Image:Cattleya intermedia.jpg|Cattleya intermedia Image:Cattleya labiata.jpg|Cattleya labiata Image:Cattleya loddigesii.jpg|Cattleya loddigesii Image:Cattleya lueddemannia.jpg|Cattleya lueddemanniana Image:Cattleya luteola.jpg|Cattleya luteola Image:Cattleya maxima Orchi 01.jpg|Cattleya maxima Image:Cattleya nobilor roseum OrchidsBln0906a.jpg|Cattleya nobilior Image:Cattleya percevaliana.jpg|Cattleya percivaliana Image:Cattleya skinneri0.jpg|Cattleya skinneri Image:Cattleya violacea 3.jpg|Cattleya violacea Image:Cattleya walkeriana.jpg|Cattleya walkeriana Image:Cattleya warscewiczii.jpg|Cattleya warscewiczii Image:Stanhopea hernandezii Orchi 001.jpg|Anguloa brevilabris Image:Stanhopea anfracta Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea anfracta Image:Stanhopea annulata Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea annulata Image:Stanhopea candida Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea candida Image:Stanhopea cirrhata Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea cirrhata Image:Stanhopea connata Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea connata Image:Stanhopea costaricensis - Curtis 146 (ser, 4 no. 16) pl. 8830 (1920).jpg|Stanhopea costaricensis Image:Stanhopea ecornuta Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea ecornuta Image:Stanhopea embreei Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea embreei Image:Stanhopea florida Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea florida Image:Stanhopea frymirei Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea frymirei Image:Stanhopea gibbosa Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea gibbosa Image:Stanhopea grandiflora Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea grandiflora Image:Stanhopea xytriophora.jpg|Stanhopea graveolens Image:Stanhopea haseloviana Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea haseloffiana Image:Stanhopea hernandezii Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea hernandezii Image:Stanhopea impressa Orchi 002.jpg|Stanhopea impressa Image:Stanhopea inodora Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea inodora Image:Stanhopea insignis Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea insignis Image:Stanhopea intermedia Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea intermedia Image:Stanhopea jenischiana Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea jenischiana Image:Stanhopea lietzei Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea lietzei Image:Stanhopea maculosa Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea maculosa Image:Stanhopea nigripes Orchi 002.jpg|Stanhopea nigripes Image:Stanhopea oculata Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea oculata Image:Stanhopea platyceras Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea platyceras Image:Stanhopea pozoi Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea pozoi Image:Stanhopea pseudoradiosa Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea pseudoradiosa Image:Stanhopea pulla Orchi 003.jpg|Stanhopea pulla Image:Stanhopea radiosa Orchi 002.jpg|Stanhopea radiosa Image:Stanhopea reichenbachiana Orchi 002.jpg|Stanhopea reichenbachiana Image:Stanhopea inodora Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea ruckeri Image:Stanhopea saccata Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea saccata Image:Stanhopea shuttleworthii Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea shuttleworthii Image:Stanhopea stevensonii Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea stevensonii Image:Stanhopea tigrina Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea tigrina Image:Stanhopea tricornis Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea tricornis Image:Stanhopea wardii Orchi 01.jpg|Stanhopea wardii Image:Stanhopea warszewicziana Orchi 02.jpg|Stanhopea warszewicziana Image:Stanhopea xytriophora Orchi 001.jpg|Stanhopea xytriophora Image:Phragmipedium besseae.jpg|Phragmipedium besseae Image:Phragmipedium czerwiakowianum Orchi 01.jpg|Phragmipedium boissierianum Image:Phragmipedium caudatum Orchi 02.jpg|Phragmipedium caudatum Image:Phragmipedium_lindleyanum_Orchi_02.jpg|Phragmipedium lindleyanum Image:Phragmipedilum longifolium Orchi 02.jpg|Phragmipedium longifolium Image:Phragmipedium schlimii Orchi 02.jpg|Phragmipedium schlimii Image:Phragmipedium warszewiczianum Orchi 02.jpg|Phragmipedium warszewiczianum Image:Catasetum expansum Orchi 01.jpg|Catasetum expansum Image:Catasetum fimbriatum Orchi 05.jpg|Catasetum fimbriatum Image:Catasetum maculatum 1.jpg|Catasetum maculatum Image:Catasetum pileatum Orchi 04.jpg|Catasetum pileatum Image:Catasetum-saccatum.jpg|Catasetum saccatum Image:Acineta chrysantha (1849).jpg|Acineta chrysantha Image:Brassavola-cucullata1web.jpg|Brassavola cucullata Image:Brassavola digbiana.jpg|Brassavola digbyana Image:Brassavola flagellaris Orchi 04.jpg|Brassavola flagellaris Image:Brassavola glauca.jpg|Brassavola glauca Image:Brassavola nodosa.jpg|Brassavola nodosa Image:Scaphosepalum swertifolium-detail.jpeg|Scaphosepalum swertiifolium Image:Aganisia cyanea Orchi 01.jpg|Aganisia cyanea ===Frondaria=== • Frondaria caulescens ===Restrepia=== • Restrepia antennifera • Restrepia chocoensis • Restrepia citrina • Restrepia muscifera ==See also==