Habitat The great raft spider, as with most other
Dolomedes species, is a semi-aquatic spider. It inhabits lowland
fen and
grazing marsh areas and is dependent on the presence of standing or slow moving neutral to alkaline water. Within these areas it can be found on the margins of pools or ditches. Emergent vegetation is highly important for use as perches for hunting and basking and to support nursery webs. As a warmth loving species they avoid areas where water surfaces are shaded.
Diet and feeding Great raft spiders are predatory and hunt from perches at the water's edge. They primarily feed on aquatic invertebrates such as
pond skaters,
dragonfly larvae and smaller aquatic spiders, as well as small fish. They will also feed on drowning terrestrial invertebrates and have been known to catch small vertebrates such as
sticklebacks and
tadpoles. To hunt aquatic prey they have developed a sensory system of
chaetae, a covering of sensory hairs on its legs. These are used to detect the vibrations made as prey hits the surface or moves through the water. It will typically position itself with the back legs on a plant stem and the front legs on the water surface to be able to detect any prey. When prey is found the spider is able to run across the surface of the water to reach it by use of
surface tension. They are also known to hunt underwater by running down the stems of plants to reach prey, this can also be used to avoid capture by predators.
Life cycle and reproduction Water is essential to the whole life cycle of the great raft spider. The spiders will live for two and a half years. As juveniles they will
hibernate over the winter and will mature into adults during their final spring. In the UK, adults will usually have two breeding attempts between July and September. The chaetae sensory system is used to help find a mate and courtship is carried out on the water. The male will slowly and carefully approach the female while tapping the water surface with its legs. When they are close they perform a slow bobbing of the body. If accepted the mating is brief and over in seconds. The female will lay several hundred eggs in a
silk sac, about 10mm across, which they carry under their bodies for around three weeks. During this time she will periodically dip the sac into water to prevent the eggs from drying out. She will also locate a suitable nest site amongst the emergent vegetation, this will usually be between 10 and 100 cm above the water. Shortly prior to hatching she will construct a tent-like nursery
web within which she can guard the young until they disperse into the surroundings, usually five to nine days after hatching. If a second brood is attempted later in the summer these are usually smaller and less likely to be successful. Courtship and mating usually takes place early in the season and adult males will die shortly after with most dead by late July. Females will survive until the end of the summer. {{cite web == Distribution ==