The park includes traditional lands of several
Indigenous Australian groups, including
Ngarinyman,
Karrangpurru,
Malngin,
Wardaman,
Ngaliwurru,
Nungali,
Bilinara,
Gurindji, and
Jaminjung, and spans the boundary between two major Australian language families,
Pama Nyungan and
Non-Pama-Nyungan (Northern). The
rock shelters and caves in Judbarra contain an extensive amount of
Aboriginal rock art, variously created by painting,
stencilling, drawing, printing, and "pecking and pounding". The human figure is the most common motif; the park is "one of the most prolific sites in Australia" for composite engraved and painted human figures. The rock art of the Judbarra region is considered to represent a distinct art province. ==Ecology==