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Grey warbler

The grey warbler, also known by its Māori name riroriro or outside New Zealand as the grey gerygone, is an insectivorous bird in the family Acanthizidae endemic to New Zealand. It is sometimes known as the rainbird. Its natural habitat is forests, but also tends to occupy lower vegetation habitats. These insectivorous birds feed on insects living in shrubs, and often feed on the wing. They are found throughout New Zealand, as well as offshore islands where shrub exists. They also flourish in suburban areas where there is vegetation present.

Description
The grey warbler has a long tail that is darker than its grey-brown body, with white tail end markings as well as a white tail underside. Male songs are particularly loud during summer and spring, which lines up with the warblers breeding season. It was hypothesised that this was due to the reintroduction of native species to the warbler's habitat. The purpose of the song is not only to attract a mate, but also to ward off potential threats that enter a warbler's territory, whether that be predators or other warblers. ==Distribution and habitat==
Distribution and habitat
Grey warblers are common throughout New Zealand's main islands and many off-shore islands, but are absent from open country and alpine areas. At home in native and exotic forests it may be found almost anywhere there is some tree or shrub cover. ==Behaviour==
Behaviour
Feeding The grey warbler is a predominantly insectivorous bird, feeding on organisms such as spiders, beetles, and flies. Only females gather materials and build the nest, spending from 7–27 days to complete the pear-shaped nest. Often, the level of begging will differ depending on different factors, for instance hunger level and age. In other bird species, studies have highlighted the positive correlation between increased begging behaviour and predation risk, especially for birds nesting at ground level. The begging behaviour of the grey warbler is especially unique, with many factors influencing how a parent responds to begging calls in its offspring. For instance, the adult grey warbler uses specific behaviours to reduce the predation pressure of the hatchlings' begging. Parents can utilise a switch-off signal/call, to communicate with its young when predators are present, and therefore stop the begging of the hatchlings to avoid being located by the predators. This is a feature of a lot of avian species, but studies discovered that after alarm calls, rather than ceasing begging, grey warbler hatchlings would change the structure of their call. Males spend a smaller proportion of their time feeding chicks than other birds living in the same niche, and therefore have more time to perform vigilance and territorial behaviours. For instance, it was discovered that the grey warbler has aggressive interspecific interactions with rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris). Grey warblers were observed during their breeding season to be chasing rifleman fledglings. In each situation, the adult grey warbler would chase the young rifleman silently, while the riflemen would be producing frantic distress calls to their parents. These chases would vary in length of time and would usually result in the parent rifleman producing an alarm call that would ward off the warbler. However, adult warblers would never chase the adult rifleman, only the juveniles. Aggressive behaviour like this may result in niche displacement of the young rifleman, which would benefit the warbler as it would give them more access to important resource. Therefore, it can be understood that there are several reasons for why an adult warbler would perform this behaviour, for instance, to defend resources within its territory, or competition for food. The former seems more likely, as warblers have often been observed to solve territorial disputes by chasing individuals out of their territory, therefore successfully defending nests, food sources, fledglings, and mates. However, it needs to be noted that more time spent performing territory behaviours is costly, as it means less time spent doing other vital behaviours, for instance feeding young. This highlights how behaviours always have costs and benefits, and for a behaviour to be successful, the benefits must outweigh the costs. ==In Māori culture==
In Māori culture
The direction in which a grey warbler would build its nest served as an indicator of forthcoming weather conditions to Māori – in this respect, the bird was known as a manu tohu tau. The tradition states that a grey warbler will build the nest entrance in the opposite direction to the prevailing wind. As such, an eastern-facing entrance would indicate a poorly season brought on by western winds; in contrast, a northern-facing entrance would suggest a pleasant season ahead. As such, those who 'ignore' the call of the grey warbler and do not help out with the planting of crops (and later seek to reap the harvest for themselves) are rebuked with the following whakataukī (proverb): == Gallery ==
Gallery
File:A Grey Warbler in New Zealand.jpg| File:Grey warbler perched on a twig.jpg| File:Grey Gerygone - New Zealand (24425789337).jpg| File:Gerygone igata.jpg| ==References==
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