MarketLever frame
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Lever frame

Mechanical railway signalling installations rely on lever frames for their operation to interlock the signals, track locks and points to allow the safe operation of trains in the area the signals control. Usually located in the signal box, the levers are operated either by the signalman or the pointsman.

Overview
, released by Annett's key The lever frame is located in the signal box, which can be a building at ground level or a tower, separated from or connected to an existing station building. Early lever frames were also built as ground frames next to the track, without any form of shelter and were usually operated by traincrew and not permanently staffed. Especially in England, lever frames with the pivot underneath the floor of the signal box were common. This design's relatively short lever angle is a major disadvantage, as it requires more force to move the lever. Therefore, later, especially in Germany, lever frames with pivots inside the signaller's room were used, that allow for a lever angle of approximately 180°. By the movement of individual levers (or sometimes cranks), signals, points, track locks, level crossing gates or barriers and sometimes navigable movable bridges over waterways are operated via wires and rods. The signaller chooses the correct combination of points, facing point locks and signals to operate, which will control the movement of each train through their area of control. The lever frame contains interlocking designed to ensure that the levers cannot be operated to create a conflicting train movement. Each interlocking installation is individual and unique to the location controlled. The interlocking may be achieved mechanically or by electric lever locks, or (more usually) a combination of both. == Variants ==
Variants
Mechanical lever frames A mechanical lever frame is designed to harness mechanical advantage to operate switch points, signals or both under the protection of the interlocking logic. The levers are connected to field appliances via solid pipes or taut wires such that the full travel of the lever will reliably cause full travel in the appliance. Each lever is engaged with the interlocking logic such that movement of the lever is only possible when all necessary conditions are met. The interlocking may be mechanical, electric (via solenoids) or both with the apparatus being mounted horizontally behind the lever frame In Germany, signal levers are red, whilst levers for points and track locks are usually blue, and route lock levers are green. Also, individual numbers and letters are used to indicate each individual item a lever operates in Germany as well. This and other open loop systems designed in the 19th and early 20th centuries to save on costly relays, were replaced by closed loop systems after a number of accidents. In North America this is known as "Switch-Signal" protection and any change in the position of a field appliance will immediately set the electric signals controlled by a power frame to danger. == Image gallery ==
Image gallery
File:Signal box lever frame - geograph.org.uk - 2998668.jpg|Signal box lever frame File:Signal box inside.jpg|Inside a signal box on the Isle of Wight Steam Railway File:Kirkham (2322715326).jpg|60 lever Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Tappet frame in Kirkham signal box. Saturday 12th September 1987 File:Hancock-lever-frame.jpg|Mechanical lever frame in Hancock tower, US File:Rail levers.jpg|Signal levers, Switzerland File:Lever frame Oban Tower SRM.jpg|Oban, Saskatchewan, Canada File:McK&H Eastgates Frame.jpg|McKenzie & Holland lever frame at Eastgates signal box, Colchester, UK File:Cromer Beach Frame.JPG|Railway Signal Company lever frame at Cromer Beach signal box, Cromer, UK File:Oulton Broad Swing Bridge012.JPG|View of the frame in the locking room showing how it is installed within the signal box. Oulton Broad Swing Bridge signal box, Lowestoft, UK File:Oulton Broad Swing Bridge016.JPG|Another view in the locking room at Oulton Broad Swing Bridge, Lowestoft, UK File:Ross's updates 044.JPG|Signal box interior, Truro, UK File:Railway 016.jpg|Derby Road Signal box, Ipswich, UK, showing the McKenzie & Holland frame, taken in 1997. Opened in 1891 by the Great Eastern Railway. Abolished and demolished in 1999 == See also ==
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