Qin and Western Han (210 BCE – 9 CE) After the Qin conquest of Lingnan, Changsha Commandery was founded to secure the Xiang valley. Under the Western Han, the former Changsha Kingdom became the direct-ruled commandery, prospering on rice, iron and lacquer.
Xin interlude and Eastern Han (9–220 CE) Wang Mang renamed it Bo-Chang Commandery (舶長郡). The Eastern-Han court restored the old name, but repeated Yao uprisings (94 CE, 140 CE) disrupted river traffic.
Warlord era and Three Kingdoms (208–280 CE) After 215 Sun Quan split off six southern counties to create Lingling Commandery, leaving twelve centred on Linxiang.
Western Jin and Six Dynasties (280 – 589 CE) • 280 CE —
Western Jin reunified China; ten counties, 32 000 households. • Refugees during the Yongjia chaos brought registers to 55 300 households by 464 CE (Liu-Song). • Under the
Liang dynasty (502–557) Linxiangʼs brick walls were rebuilt; the site gained the by-name "South Changsha" when newer prefectural seats shifted slightly north-east. In 589 CE
Emperor Wen abolished commanderies; Changsha Commandery merged into
Hengzhou Prefecture. == Archaeology and legacy ==