Espina Salguero was born in Horcones,
Jutiapa, Guatemala, on 26 November 1946. Serrano
attempted a self-coup on 25 May 1993, but was forced to flee into exile on 1 June. Espina proclaimed himself interim president but was never recognized. He spent the following years in exile and, in 1997, returned voluntarily to stand trial for his involvement in the coup. He was convicted of violating the
constitution, but his sentence was commuted to a small fine. Espina Salguero died on 23 October 2024, at the age of 77. ==References==