Guy Endore

Endore was born Samuel Goldstein in Brooklyn, New York, to Isidor and Malka Halpern Goldstein. His father was a coal miner, inventor, and investor from Pittsburgh who often had difficulty making ends meet. His mother died by suicide when he was four, possibly due to the family's unstable and often insufficient livelihood. According to his own account, he scraped together the money to attend, even renting out his bed to a wealthier student while he slept on the floor. He unsuccessfully pursued a PhD. ==Writer==

Endore's first novel was The Man From Limbo (1930), about an impoverished college graduate obsessed with acquiring wealth; it was influenced by Robert Louis Stevenson. His most famous work was The Werewolf of Paris (1933), a violent horror story set during the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune and inspired by the work of Hanns Heinz Ewers, whom Endore had translated. The Werewolf of Paris is described by Brian Stableford as "entitled to be considered the werewolf novel". After his work as a screenwriter, Endore published several other Freudian-tinged mysteries (Methinks the Lady..., Detour at Night) and also returned to his love of French history for biographical novels on Voltaire (Voltaire! Voltaire! [1961]), the Marquis de Sade (''Satan's Saint [1965]) and Rousseau. His only other popular literary success came with King of Paris: A Novel'' (1956), based on the life of Alexandre Dumas. It became a best-seller and was a Book-of-the-Month Club choice. ==Hollywood==

After graduating, Guy married Henrietta Portugal and in the 1930s they moved to Hollywood. Despite his eventual blacklisting, Endore had a fairly successful career in Hollywood, working on scripts or story ideas for big name pictures of the time. He made his name in the supernatural arena, with such movies as Mark of the Vampire and The Curse of the Werewolf (based on his novel The Werewolf of Paris). Although many of his films were at the time derided by critics, they have acquired a cult following in recent years. Throughout his career Endore showed himself to be fascinated with hypnotism and the inability of characters to control their own actions, centering his stories on supernatural maladies such as lycanthropy and hypnosis. Mad Love, Peter Lorre’s American debut, an adaptation of Maurice Renard's novel Les Mains d'Orlac, involves a man who, after an accident, is fitted with the hands of a murderer which try to continue in their gruesome career. His novel Methinks The Lady..., which was made into a movie with Gene Tierney, centered around a woman affected by a quack hypnotist. Even his Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers comedy, Carefree, still includes Rogers being put under hypnosis. Endore began his movie writing career in 1935, when he wrote the story for Rumba, a star vehicle for George Raft and Carole Lombard, which was given a scathing review in The New York Times. He worked on the screenplay for Mark of the Vampire starring Bela Lugosi. He also wrote the 19-page treatment that eventually became The Raven, for which he was not credited. A number of other horror films followed, interspersed with more mainstream films, including the Oscar-nominated (The Story of G.I. Joe), a John Wayne movie (Lady from Louisiana), and Carefree. His Hollywood career ended in 1969 with a made-for-TV movie entitled Fear No Evil, for which he wrote the story. It was the first US television "Movie of the Week" and a success in the ratings, spawning a sequel a year later. ==Politics==

While he attended Columbia, he was drawn to the political left by Whittaker Chambers, then a communist who was a fellow student, and by the harsh Great Depression world in which he lived. Endore would openly describe himself as opposed to capitalist class society and to imperialism, with what he believed were its racist foundations. While he lived in Hollywood, Endore was interviewed several times and wrote articles for multiple leftist publications, including Black and White, The New York Clipper and New Masses. Endore was a member of the Communist Party in Hollywood Endore struggled, however, to produce significant works of leftist fiction and he often felt resigned to composing what he believed would sell, especially after the public failure of his anti-slavery novel Babouk, with its more explicitly sympathetic depiction of the Haitian Revolution. Endore retained his profound interest in historical subjects throughout his career. He had strong related interests, intellectual and moral, in mysticism, yoga, vegetarianism, theosophy and anti-vivisectionism. In the "About the Author" section that concludes the 1941 Pocket Books edition of The Werewolf of Paris Endore describes himself as "to a large extent a vegetarian, a teetotaler, a non-smoker. In giving up, with occasional exceptions, the use of meat, liquor, and tobacco, I feel that I have added to the happiness I derive from living." He concludes, "In politics I tend toward communism and the establishment of the classless society." ==Activism==

like associated with the Sleepy Lagoon case, precursor to the Zoot Suit riots (1943) Although more famous for his fiction, Endore was a committed activist, attempting to protect with words those who were mistreated by the American culture and legal system and using literature to illuminate what he considered to be historical oversights. A fierce critic, like his friend Lillian Smith, He proceeded to write a pamphlet entitled The Sleepy Lagoon Mystery which went over in detail the mistakes and oversights involved in the case. Giving a speech on the Al Jarvis radio show, Endore referred to Sleepy Lagoon as "the name of a disgrace which should be on the conscience of every decent American – and especially every decent person who lives in Los Angeles – because we allowed it to happen here." To bring his readers over to his way of thinking Endore used scare tactics, threatening his readers that, should they allow this to happen, they could, in essence, be next. For the next year he corresponded often with the defense, gave interviews and spoke on radio shows in an attempt to help the teens. In the end his attempts were a success and, with the information exposed in his pamphlet and a change in common opinion, the verdict was reversed. Endore supported non-governmental drug rehab programs and became a devoted proponent of the Synanon Foundation, a controversial southern California commune dedicated to reforming and rehabilitating drug addicts and alcoholics (later, as the Church of Synanon, it started its own utopian social movement). He composed pamphlets and a published history of the commune, Synanon. He also taught fiction writing at the Los Angeles People's Education Center, a CPUSA offshoot of the New York Workers School. {{cite web ==Works==

An except from Endore's The Crime at Scottsboro (1938) on the Scottsboro Boys case now appears on the Digital Public Library of America. {{cite web Literary work Fiction literature: • The Man from Limbo (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1930) • The Werewolf of Paris (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1933) (New York: Pocket Books, 1941) • Babouk, (New York: Vanguard Press, 1934) (Monthly Review: New York, 1991) foreword by Jamaica Kincaid, afterword by David Barry Gaspar and Michel-Rolph Trouillot {{cite magazine • Methinks the Lady... (New York: Duell, 1946) aka Nightmare (New York: Dell, 1956) • Detour at Night (Simon & Schuster, 1958) also known as Detour Through Devon (London: Gollancz, 1959) Tales • The day of the dragon Collected in the anthology Alfred Hitchcock’s monster museum, Random House (1965) • Lazarus Returns Collected in Dennis Wheatley, A century of horror, Londres Hutchinson. • Men of Iron Collected in the anthology A decade of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Doubleday/SFBC. (1960). Fictionalized biographies • Casanova: His Known and Unknown Life (New York: John Day, 1929, biography) • The Sword of God: Joan of Arc (Garden City Publishing Co.: New York, 1933 biography) • King of Paris : A Novel (Book-of-the-Month Club selection) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956) • Voltaire! Voltaire! : A Novel (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961) also known as The Heart and the Mind (W. H. Allen, 1962) • ''Satan's Saint: A Novel About the Marquis De Sade'' (New York: Crown, 1965) Play • Call Me Shakespeare: A Play in Two Acts (Dramatists Play Service, 1966) Pamphlets • The Crime at Scottsboro (Hollywood Scottsboro Committee, 1938) • The Sleepy Lagoon Mystery (Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, 1944) another edition is The Sleepy Lagoon Mystery (R & E Research Associates, 1972) • Synanon (New York: Doubleday, 1968) Translations: • Alraune by Hanns Heinz Ewers (John Day: New York, 1929) • An Iceland Fisherman by Julien Viand (P. A. Norstedt, 1931) • Alraune by Hanns H. Ewers, edited by R. Reginald and Douglas Menville (Arno, 1976) ==References==

• "Endore, Samuel (Guy)." Dictionary of Literary Biography. • Martin, Carl Grey. "Guy Endore's Dialectical Werewolf." Le Monde Diplomatique. September 15, 2014 • Ramsey, Joseph. "Guy Endore and the Ironies of Political Repression." Minnesota Review 70. Spring/Summer 2008: 141–51 • Wald, Alan. "The Subaltern Speaks." Monthly Review April 1992: 17–29 • The Guy Endore Papers 1925–1970 • • • • A talk given by Guy Endore to a group of librarians • "Guy Endore's Dialectical Werewolf" by Carl Grey Martin • "Guy Endore and the Ironies of Political Repression" by Joseph G. Ramsey