On 10 December 1942,
Heinrich Himmler issued an order to send all Romani (, "Gypsies") to concentration camps, including Auschwitz. A separate camp was set up at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, classed as Section B-IIe and known as the ("Gypsy family camp"). The first transport of
German Roma arrived on 26 February 1943, and was housed in Section B-IIe. Approximately 23,000 Roma had been brought to Auschwitz by 1944, of whom 20,000 died there. One transport of 1,700
Polish Sinti and Roma were killed in the gas chambers upon arrival, as they were suspected to be ill with
spotted fever. Roma and
Sinti prisoners were used primarily for construction work. Thousands died of
typhus and
noma due to overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, and malnutrition. Anywhere from 1,400 to 3,000 prisoners were transferred to other concentration camps before the murder of the remaining population. On 2 August 1944, the
SS cleared the Gypsy camp. A witness in another part of the camp later told of the inmates unsuccessfully battling the SS with improvised weapons before being loaded into trucks. The surviving population (estimated at 2,897 to 5,600) was then killed en masse in the gas chambers. One of the few survivors was
Margarethe Kraus, who was subjected to medical experimentation and whose parents were murdered. She was subsequently moved to
Ravensbruck. The
Romani Holocaust, murder of the Romani people by the Nazis during World War II, is sometimes known by the
Romani language word
Porajmos (devouring). ==References==