Hākim (alternative transcription Hakem) means a ruler,
governor or
judge. As with many titles, it also occurs as a part of the names of many individuals.
In Arab countries • In
Lebanon, the full title of the
Emirs under Ottoman (and a while Egyptian) sovereignty was (), 1516–1842 • In three future
Persian Gulf emirates, the first monarchic style was : • Since 1783 when the conquering al-Khalifah lineage settles on Bahrain to 16 August 1971, its style was (, 'Ruler of
Bahrain'), then (, 'Emir of the State of Bahrain'); since 14 February 2002, they have been styled (, 'King of Bahrain'). • In
Kuwait, since its 1752 founding, the ruling Al Sabah dynasty's style was (, 'Ruler of Kuwait'), from 1871 also (): district administrator, while recognizing the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire (as [district] of Baghdad and from 1875
Basra (, seats of the governors, styled
Wali, in Iraq) until 3 November 1914, then under British
protectorate) until independence on 19 June 1961. Since then the style has officially been (, 'Emir of the State of Kuwait'); • Since on Muhammad ibn Thani's 12 September 1868 treaty with the British, effectively establishing
Qatar (previously considered to be a dependency of Bahrain) as an independent State (limited to Doha and Wakrah, only later expanded to the entire peninsula), his al-Thani dynasty's style was (, 'Ruler of Qatar'). From 1871, they were also styked , Ottoman district administrator, as with Kuwait above, until 3 November 1916, thereafter under British protectorate. Since independence from Britain on 3 September 1971, the style has been (, 'Emir of the State of Qatar'). • In
Libya, Hakim was the 1946 – 12 February 1950 style of the "ruler" of the former sultanate of
Fezzan () during the UN administration (in practice by France, with its own concurrent military governor); the only incumbent, Ahmad Sayf an-Nasr (born , died 1954), stayed on as regional
wali (governor; in French 'head of the territory') in the united
Libyan kingdom until 24 December 1951, with a French
Resident at his side, and then, without such French shadow, as first royal governor (until 1954). • In
Yemen until 1902 (changed to Sultan) the rulers of the Quaiti State of Shir and Mukalla, ash-Shihr Wa´l Mukalla, as before the 10 November 1881 merger with the Naqib of Mukalla's state it has been the princely style of ash-Shihr since independence from the Ottomans in 1866.
Elsewhere • In the
Makran region of
Sistan and Baluchestan Province in
Iran,
hakom refers to
sardars and
khans in the traditional
Baluchi government. • In
Indonesia,
Malaysia and
Turkey,
hakim denotes a judge. • In
Nepal, a
Bada Hakim was in charge of a district of the realm. • In the
Emirate of Bukhara,
hakem was the title of a governor. • In
Nigeria, the
Sokoto Caliphate is ceremonially governed by
hakimai (sing. "hakimi"), chiefs that are answerable to the Sultan of Sokoto and the Emirs of the realm. • In
Uzbekistan, the term
hokim is used to describe a governor or mayor of a region. • In
Kazakhstan, the term
äkim is used to describe local-level mayors or governors of regions within the country.
Furthermore As with many titles, the word also occurs in many personal names, without any noble or political significance. ==See also==