Early history The
Bronze Age was probably a period of relative prosperity in Halland. This is shown in the number of new settlements and the numerous archaeological remains. Over 1,100 tumuli and grave mounds have been found. The
end of the Bronze Age witnessed an
over-consumption of resources. Large areas were deforested. This might have been a result of a high demand for charcoal in smelting
gold or
bronze among the local elites. The worsening climate at the beginning of the
Iron Age meant that the local elites no longer could obtain
bronze to the same extent as before. As a result, the social structures collapsed. The early Iron Age social structures seem to have been relatively
egalitarian, but from around 200 AD there was a trend in which
villages formed larger communities and small
kingdoms. This is likely to have been a distant influence from the growing
Roman Empire. During the 5th and 6th century large free-standing farms were created; they grew larger as time passed. An example of such a farm can be found in
Slöinge. It was not just the social structure that changed, so too did the
settlement structure. New villages were formed, while old ones were abandoned. The new centers that were formed became the kernel from which new areas were settled during
medieval times.
800–1645 AD According to the account of
Ohthere of Hålogaland, who traveled from
Skiringssal, close to the
Oslofjord to
Hedeby in the 870s, it can be concluded that Halland was a Danish area at that time. It would stay so for most of recorded history. Iron extraction is known to have taken place in
Hishult and
Tvååker/
Sibbarp during the Iron Age. As part of the
Scanian lands (then part of the Kingdom of
Denmark) Halland came under the
Scanian Law and participated in the Scanian
Thing, one of three Things electing the Danish king. Local assemblies took place in
Getinge. Halland was the scene of considerable military action from the 13th century and on as
Sweden,
Denmark and to some degree
Norway fought for supremacy in
Scandinavia. The many wars made the province poor. Not only were material damages caused by military action, but the social impact of the fighting was devastating; people lacked the motivation to invest in their land and properties as it was likely to be destroyed anyway. The county was the site of combat and plunder three times during the 13th Century: in 1256
Haakon IV of Norway invaded, followed by
Magnus III of Sweden in 1277 and
Eric VI of Denmark in 1294. The county came to be split in two parts for the next century, with the river
Ätran forming a boundary. The lords of the two parts succeeded each other in a high tempo. As the
Kalmar Union was formed, Halland came for a brief period of time to be centrally located. According to the union treaty, the king was to be elected in
Halmstad. During the rebellion of
Engelbrekt in 1434 the fortress in
Falkenberg was burnt down and two years later was captured by the Swedes. The Swedo-Danish struggles in the early 16th century came to affect the province as well, as in 1519 when the border regions were sacked by the Swedes as a vengeance for similar Danish action in
Västergötland. The Danish civil war called the
Count's Feud in 1534–1536, the
Northern Seven Years' War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden in 1563–1570 and the
Kalmar War between
Denmark-Norway and
Sweden in 1611–1613 all affected Halland. One of the major battles of the
Northern Seven Years' War, the
battle of Axtorna, took place in Halland.
After 1645 is not a
runestone even if it looks like one. The stone was made in 1915 to commemorate the
peace between Denmark and Sweden and the text is written with Latin letters. The text on the stone says "Memory of the peace in Brömsebro –
Gaspard Coignet de La Thuilerie –
Axel Oxenstierna –
Corfitz Ulfeldt". The three named persons were the negotiators. Thuilerie was an ambassador from France, Oxenstierna represented Sweden and Ulfeldt represented Denmark. Halland was temporarily (for a period of 30 years) transferred to Sweden in 1645 under the terms of the
Second Treaty of Brömsebro. The conquest was later made permanent by the ceding of the province in the
Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. The last battle in Halland took place in
Fyllebro on 17 August 1676, during the
Scanian War. The more peaceful conditions that followed meant that the province could start to develop again. The 19th century saw the farming develop quickly to become one of the more efficient in the country by the end of the century. Parts of the province did however remain poor and
erosion and blown sand remained a problem for much of the century. The county did therefore see a lot of
emigration, continuing well into the 20th century. The 20th century has seen the province becoming one of the fastest growing in Sweden, as it has doubled its population since
World War II. This is in part due to the northern parts, such as
Kungsbacka and
Onsala, more or less becoming
suburbs of
Gothenburg.
Cities During Danish rule, privileges to towns in Halland were granted to: •
Falkenberg (1558) •
Halmstad (1307) •
Kungsbacka (approximately 1400) •
Laholm (approximately 1200) •
Varberg (approximately 1100) Such
privileges have no official significance nowadays.
Hundreds Hundreds of Sweden were provincial divisions until the early 20th century, when they lost importance. Halland's hundreds were:
Faurås Hundred,
Fjäre Hundred,
Halmstad Hundred,
Himle Hundred,
Höks Hundred,
Tönnersjö Hundred,
Viske Hundred and
Årstad Hundred. == Culture ==