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Halley Armada

The Halley Armada was a series of space probes, five of which were successful, sent to examine Halley's Comet during its 1986 passage through the inner Solar System. The armada included one probe from the European Space Agency, two probes that were joint projects between the Soviet Union and France and two probes from the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Japan. NASA did not contribute a probe to the Halley Armada.

Main space probes
Without the measurements from the other space probes, Giotto's closest distance would have been 4,000 km instead of the 596 km achieved. == Other missions ==
Other missions
Other space probes had their instruments examining Halley's Comet: • Pioneer 7 was launched on August 17, 1966. It was put into heliocentric orbit with a mean distance of 1.1 AU to study the solar magnetic field, the solar wind, and cosmic rays at widely separated points in solar orbit. On 20 March 1986, the spacecraft flew within 12.3 million kilometers of Halley's Comet and monitored the interaction between the cometary hydrogen tail and the solar wind. • International Cometary Explorer, which was repurposed as a cometary probe in 1982 and visited Comet Giacobini-Zinner in 1985, transited between the Sun and Halley's Comet in late March 1986 and took measurements. The NASA probe was cancelled November 1979. == References ==
Source: Wikipedia ↗
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