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Halo: Combat Evolved

Halo: Combat Evolved is a 2001 first-person shooter game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The game was released on November 15, 2001 for the Xbox, with a Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X port released in 2003, and a downloadable Xbox 360 port released in 2007 as part of Xbox Originals. It is the first installment in the Halo franchise. Set in the 26th century, players assume the role of Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier. Accompanied by an artificial intelligence construct named Cortana and the forces of the United Nations Space Command (UNSC), players battle against an alien theocracy known as the Covenant while they attempt to uncover the secrets of the eponymous Halo, a ring-shaped artificial world.

Gameplay
fires his assault rifle at a pack of enemy Grunts. Ammunition, health, and motion sensor displays are visible in the corners of the screen.|alt=First-person view of the gameplay. In the lower-right corner of the screen, the player's weapon is shown as the player fires on small aliens in a lush outdoor environment. Indicators around the periphery of the screen display health and ammo count. Halo: Combat Evolved is a first-person shooter game in which players primarily experience gameplay in a 3D environment from a first-person view. The player can move around and look up, down, left, or right. The player is often aided by United Nations Space Command (UNSC) Marines, and the crew of the ship, who offer ground support, such as following the player and mimicking their tactics, and manning gun turrets or riding shotgun while the player is driving a vehicle. Marine AI and crew member AI are differentiated by their uniforms but also act distinctly; marines engage aggressively while crew members often cower or fire while retreating to cover. If the player kills too many of these friendly forces, they will attack the player in retaliation. Players fight enemies on foot with a combination of weapons, grenades, or melee attacks. Weapons have different traits and excel in different scenarios; for example, the assault rifle has a high-capacity magazine but is less effective against energy shields. Players can hold only two weapons at once, forcing tactical decisions about which weapons to carry. Fragmentation grenades bounces and detonate quickly, whereas the plasma grenade adheres to targets before exploding. Halo departs from traditional first-person shooter conventions by not forcing the player to holster their firearm before deploying grenades or melee-range blunt instruments; instead, both attacks can be utilized while a gun is still equipped, supplementing small-arms fire. Multiplayer A split screen mode allows two players to cooperatively play through Halos campaign. The game includes five competitive multiplayer modes, which all can be customized, for between two and 16 players; up to four players may play split-screen on one Xbox, and further players can join using a System Link feature that allows up to four Xbox consoles to be connected together into a local area network. Halo lacks artificially intelligent game bots, and was released before the launch of the Xbox Live online multiplayer service; LAN parties are needed to reach the game's 16-player limit, a setup that was a first for a console game but was often deemed impractical by critics. Aside from this limitation, Halos multiplayer components were generally well received, and it is widely considered one of the best multiplayer games of all time. Although the Xbox version of Halo lacks official support for online multiplayer play, third-party packet tunneling software provide unofficial ways around this limitation. The Windows and Macintosh ports of Halo support online matches involving up to 16 players and include multiplayer maps, not in the original Xbox release. However, co-operative play was removed from the ports because it would have required large amounts of recoding to implement. In April 2014, it was announced that GameSpy's servers and matchmaking, on which Halo PC relied, would be shut down by May 31 of the same year. A team of fans and Bungie employees announced they would produce a patch for the game to keep its multiplayer servers online. The patch was released on May 16, 2014. == Synopsis ==
Synopsis
Setting Halo: Combat Evolved takes place in a 26th-century science fiction setting. Faster-than-light travel called slip-space allows the human race to colonize planets other than Earth. The planet Reach serves as an interstellar hub of scientific and military activity. The UNSC develops a secret program to create augmented supersoldiers known as Spartans. More than twenty years before the beginning of the game, a technologically advanced collective of alien races called the Covenant begins a religious war against humanity, declaring them an affront to their gods. Humanity's military experiences a series of crushing defeats; although the Spartans are effective against the Covenant, they are too few in number to turn the tide. In 2552, Covenant forces attack Reach and destroy the colony. The starship Pillar of Autumn escapes the planet with the Spartan Master Chief Petty Officer John-117 on board. The ship initiates a jump to slip-space, hoping to lead the enemy away from Earth. Plot The game begins as the Pillar of Autumn exits slip-space and its crew discovers a large ringworld structure of unknown origin. The Covenant pursues the Pillar of Autumn and attacks. With the ship heavily damaged, the Pillar of Autumns captain, Jacob Keyes, entrusts the ship's artificial intelligence (AI) known as Cortana to Master Chief in order to prevent the Covenant from discovering the location of Earth. Keyes orders the crew to abandon the Pillar of Autumn and pilots the ship to a crash-landing on the ringworld. On the ring's surface, Master Chief and Cortana rescue scattered survivors and help organize a counter-offensive against the Covenant. Learning that Keyes has been captured by the Covenant, Master Chief and a small contingent of soldiers rescue him from the Covenant cruiser Truth and Reconciliation. Keyes reveals that the Covenant call the ringworld "Halo" and that they believe it to be a weapon. Intent on stopping the Covenant from using Halo, Keyes searches for a potential weapons cache, while Master Chief and Cortana mount an assault on the ringworld's control room. Cortana enters Halo's computer systems and, after discovering something horrifying, sends Master Chief to find and stop Keyes from continuing his search and uncovering what lies within the ring. Searching for the captain, Master Chief encounters a new enemy, the parasitic Flood. The release of the Flood prompts Halo's caretaker, a robot called 343 Guilty Spark, to enlist Master Chief's help in activating Halo's defenses. After Master Chief retrieves the ring's activation index, 343 Guilty Spark transports him back to Halo's control room. Cortana intervenes before Master Chief can activate the ring; she has discovered the purpose of the installation is to destroy all sentient life in the galaxy, starving the Flood of potential hosts. When Cortana refuses to surrender Halo's activation index, 343 Guilty Spark attacks her and Master Chief. To stop Halo's activation, Master Chief and Cortana decide to destroy the installation. Needing Keyes' neural implants to destroy the Pillar of Autumn and Halo with it, Master Chief returns to the Truth and Reconciliation. He finds that Keyes has been assimilated by the Flood and retrieves the neural implant from the captain's remains. After 343 Guilty Spark stops them from using Pillar of Autumns self-destruct, Master Chief and Cortana destabilize the Pillar of Autumns reactors instead, narrowly escaping the ensuing detonation in a fighter. Cortana justifies their actions to destroy the Covenant fleet and stop the Flood threat and believes the fight is finished, but Master Chief states they are only getting started. In a post-credits scene, 343 Guilty Spark is seen floating through space, having survived the ring's destruction. == Development ==
Development
Early development Halo was conceived as an indirect successor to Bungie's previous first-person shooter games, Marathon and Marathon 2: Durandal. After the 1995 release of Durandal, Bungie considered ideas for their next game and wanted to try something other than a direct sequel. It was switched to Monkey Nuts, then Blam! after Jones could not bring himself to tell his mother the original name. Joseph Staten and Jones an audience with CEO Steve Jobs. Jobs, impressed, agreed to debut the game at the 1999 Macworld Conference & Expo. These early versions featured Halo-specific fauna, later dropped following design difficulties and the creatures' detraction from the surprise appearance of the Flood. Staten described his role as putting "story duct tape" over gaps that appeared to smooth them over. To save time, Lehto suggested reusing campaign levels; glowing directional arrows were added after playtesters got lost backtracking. An online multiplayer component was dropped because Xbox Live would not be ready. Only four months before release, it was decided that the multiplayer was still not fun, so it was scrapped and rebuilt from scratch, using team members who moved from the defunct Bungie West team after completing Oni. The interiors of Pillar of Autumn drew significant influence from the production design of the film Aliens. and sent to New York for the show the same night the piece was finished. while Salvatori remained at TotalAudio. O'Donnell designed the music so that it "could be dissembled and remixed in such a way that would give [him] multiple, interchangeable loops that could be randomly recombined in order to keep the piece interesting as well as a variable-length". Development involved the creation of "alternative middle sections that could be transitioned to if the game called for such a change (i.e. less or more intense)". O'Donnell sat with the level designers to walk through the levels, constructing music that would adapt to the gameplay rather than be static: "The level designer would tell me what he hoped a player would feel at certain points or after accomplishing certain tasks." Based on this information, O'Donnell developed cues the designer could script into the level, and then he and the designer played through the mission to see if the audio worked. He made sparse use of music because he believes that music is "best used in a game to quicken the emotional state of the player and it works best when used least". He also stated that "[if] music is constantly playing it tends to become sonic wallpaper and loses its impact when it is needed to truly enhance some dramatic component of gameplay". The cutscenes came so late that O'Donnell had to score them in only three days. ==Release==
Release
Ed Fries described the period before the Xbox's launch as chaotic: "You've got to imagine this environment of panic combined with adrenaline, but money's mostly no object at the same time. So we were spending lots of it, trying to do all this crazy stuff." Next Generation ranked it as the second highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in the United States. == Reception ==
Reception
Halo received widespread critical acclaim, with a 97 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic, based on reviews from 68 professional critics. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts awarded Halo "Best Console Game" and Rolling Stone presented it with their "Best Original Soundtrack" award. Halo also won The Electric Playgrounds 2001 "Best Console Shooter" award, the "11th Annual GamePro Readers' Choice Awards" for "Best Combat Game of The Year", and Golden Joystick Awards for "Xbox Game of the Year" in 2002. as well as Spike Video Game Awards for "Best PC Game" in 2003. Halo: Combat Evolved won four awards at the 5th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (now known as the D.I.C.E. Awards): "Game of the Year", "Console Game of the Year", "Console Action/Adventure Game of the Year", and "Outstanding Achievement in Visual Engineering"; it also received nominations for "Outstanding Innovation in Console Gaming", "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design", "Outstanding Achievement in Game Play Engineering", and "Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction" Next Generation reviewed the Xbox version of the game, rating it five stars out of five, and stated that "If you didn't think there was a reason to buy an Xbox, Halo will change your mind." Although Halos overall reception was largely positive, the game received criticism for its level design. GameSpy commented, "You'll trudge through countless hallways and control rooms that all look exactly the same, fighting identical-looking groups of enemies over and over and over...it is simply frustrating to see a game with such groundbreaking sequences too often degenerate [into] this kind of mindless, repetitive action." == Legacy ==
Legacy
Halo is credited with modernizing the FPS genre. It has been called one of the best video games of all time. Halo: Custom Edition On March 15, 2004, Gearbox Software released Halo: Custom Edition for Windows, which enabled players to use custom-made maps and game modifications via the Halo Editing Kit developed by Bungie. The single-player campaign is nearly identical to the Xbox 360 version, including the ability to swap between the updated "anniversary" graphics and the original game graphics, but excluding Stereoscopic 3DTV support. However, unlike the Xbox 360 release, the multiplayer component uses the original multiplayer engine from Combat Evolved as opposed to Halo: Reach and is playable over Xbox Live. Remake In October 2025, a remake of the Combat Evolved campaign, titled Halo: Campaign Evolved, was announced, and is planned to be released in 2026 for Windows, Xbox Series X/S, and PlayStation 5, marking the first release of a Halo game on PlayStation platforms. Developed using Unreal Engine 5, Campaign Evolved will feature upgraded visuals and bonus story missions. Xbox Game Studios president Matt Booty stated that the decision was made to bring the Halo franchise to PlayStation in order to attract more customers to the Xbox ecosystem. == Notes ==
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