MarketList of premodern combat weapons
Company Profile

List of premodern combat weapons

This is a list of notable types of weapons that were used in warfare, and more broadly in combat, prior to the advent of the early modern period, i.e., approximately prior to the start of the 16th century. It therefore excludes objects that may be broadly understood as weapons but are not combat weapons, such as ceremonial weapons and ritual tools shaped or conceptualized as weapons, hunting weapons, and other items that may be perceived as weapons but for which there is no historical evidence of their use in combat during the relevant period.

Hand-to-hand combat
Hand or fist weapons and fans Single-handed weapons not resembling a straight dagger blade, usually wielded without wrist action; often protects the forearm. • Bagh nakh, tiger claws (Indian) • Brass knuckles, knuckle dusters (European) • Cestus, bladed cestus, caestus, myrmex, sfere (Mediterranean) • Deer horn knives (Chinese) • Emeici (Chinese) • Finger knife (African) • Gauntlet (European) • Indian parrying weapon Swords Curved one-handed Dao, beidao, zhibei dao (Chinese) • Dao (Northeast Indian) • Dha (Southeast Asian) • Falchion (European) • Hwando (Korean) • Kampilan (Philippinese, Southeast Asian) • Khopesh, sappara, sickle sword (Egyptian, Middle Eastern) • Kilij (North Indian, Middle Eastern) • Klewang (Southeast Asian) • Krabi (Southeast Asian) • Liuyedao (Chinese) • Mameluke (Middle Eastern) • Nimcha (African) • Parang Nabur (Bornean) • Piandao (Chinese) • Pulwar (Middle Eastern) • Scimitar, saif (Middle Eastern) • Shamshir (Pakistani, North Indian, Middle Eastern) • Shashka (Caucasian, Circassian) • Surik (Indonesian) • Talwar (Pakistani, North Indian, Middle Eastern) • Yanmaodao (Chinese) Straight one-handed Arming sword, war sword (European) • Backsword (European) • Chokutō (Japanese) • Estoc (European) • Firangi, firanghi (Japanese) • Nodachi, Ōdachi (Japanese) • Parade sword, paratschwerter Curved shortswords include the following: • Aikuchi, haikuchi (Japanese) • Akrafena (West African) • Barong (Southeast Asian) • Janbiya, jambiya, jambya, jambia, janbia (Middle Eastern) • Khanjar (Middle Eastern) • Kodachi (Japanese) • Pinuti (Southeast Asian) • Shikomizue (Japanese) • Talibon (Southeast Asian) • Wakizashi (Japanese) Straight shortswords include the following: • Baselard (European) • Bilbo (European) • Billao (Somali) • Bolo, itak (Philippinese, Southeast Asian) • Cinquedea, anelace (European) • Colichemarde (European) • Gladius (Roman) • Luwuk (Javanese) • Misericorde (European) • Ninjatō, Shinobi gatana (Japanese) • Small sword (European) • Swiss dagger, holbein dagger, schweizerdegen (European) • Xiphos (Greek) Axe-like Generally, convex blades used for heavy chopping or slashing. • Aruval (South Indian) • Bolo, itak (Philippinese, Asian) • Falcata (Mediterranean) • Golok (Southeast Asian) • Harpe, harpi (Greek) • Kopis (Greek) • (Nepali) • Kudi (Southeast Asian) • Kukri, khukri (Nepali) • Machete (Spain, Latin America) • Vettukathi (South Indian) • Mahera (Greek) • One handed Dacian falx, sica (Mediterranean, Greek) • Parang Pandit (Southeast Asian) • Sosun pattah (Philippinese, Southeast Asian) • Labrys, pelekys (Greek) • Long-bearded axe (European) • Masakari (Japanese) • Nzappa zap also thrown (African) • Ono (Japanese) • Palstave (Bronze Age, improvised, European) • Sagaris (Middle Eastern) • Shepherd's axe, valaška (European) • Sparth Axe (European) • Tabarzin (Middle Eastern) • Tomahawk, Spontoon Tomahawk, also thrown (American) • Tlaximaltepoztli (American) • Vechevoral (Indian) • Sarissa (Greek) • Sibat, bangkaw, palupad, sumbling (Southeast Asian) • Sovnya (Russian) • Spetum (European) • Swordstaff (European) • TridentTrishula (Indian, Southeast Asian) • Yari (Japanese) Polearms with axe-like bladesArbir (Southeast Asian) • Bardiche (European) • Bec de corbin, bec de faucon (European) • Bill, English bill, bill hook, bill guisarme (European) • Bisento (Japanese) • Chacing staff (European) • Dagger-axe, ko (Chinese) • Danish axe, hafted axe, English long axe, Viking axe, Danish longer axe (European) • Epsilon axe (European, Middle Eastern) • Fauchard (European) • Glaive (European) • Guan (kwan) dao (Chinese) • Guisarme (European) • Halberd (European) • Jedwart stave (European) • Ji (Chinese) • Lochaber axe (European) • Long handled nagamaki (Japanese) • Man catcher (European) • Monk's spade (Chinese) • Naginata (Japanese) • Ngao (Southeast Asian) • Nulbjakchang, galgorichang (Korean) • Ox tongue spear (European) • Partisan, partizan (European) • Pollaxe, poleaxe (European) • Pudao (Chinese) • Romphea, romfea (Greek) • Sasumata (Japanese) • Scythe (Improvised) • Sodegarami (Japanese) • Tepoztopilli (American) • Tongi, four pointed tongi, two pointed (South Asian) • Tsukubō (Japanese) • Two handed Dacian falx (Mediterranean, Greek) • Voulge (European) • War scythe Polearms with spikes and hammersBec de corbin (European) • Lucerne hammer (European) • Zhua (Chinese) Flexible weapons Whips Used for whipping. • Bullwhip (Worldwide) • Buntot Pagi (Philippinese) • Cat o' nine tails (European) • Chain whip, jiujiebian, samjitbin, qijiebian (Chinese) • Knout (Eastern European) • Nagyka, nagaika, nogaika (Eastern European) • Small whips, crops (Worldwide) • Stockwhip (Australian) • Urumi, chuttuval (Indian) Sectional and composite Having multiple handles or holdable sections. • Nunchaku (Okinawan) • Tabak-Toyok, chako (Southeast Asian) • Three-section staff (Okinawan, Chinese)) • Two-section staff, xhang xiao ban, could also be considered a polearm (Chinese) Chains and ropes Having a heavy object attached to a flexible chain or rope. Wielded by swinging, throwing, or projecting the end, as well as wrapping, striking, and blocking with the chain or rope, sometimes attached to another type of weapon. • Chigiriki (Japanese) • Cumberjung, double ended flail, flail with quoits (Indian) • Flail, fleau d'armes, kriegsflegel (European) • Flying claws (Chinese) • Flying guillotine (Chinese) • Kusari-fundo, manrikigusari, manriki (Japanese) • Kusari-gama (Japanese) • Kyoketsu-shoge (Japanese) • Lasso, uurga, lariat (American, Chinese) • Meteor hammer, dragon's fist, dai chui, flying hammer, sheng bao, liu xing chui (Chinese) • Rope dart, jouhyou, rope javelin, sheng biao (Japanese, Chinese) • Monkey's fist (Improvised, European, Japanese, Chinese) • Surujin, suruchin (Okinawan) Shields Used not only to block strikes and missiles but also swung outwardly (or in quick upward motions) to strike an opponent. Also used to rush an opponent (known as shield bashing). Some shields had spikes, sharp edges, or other offensive designs. • Aspis, oplon (Greek) • Buckler (European) • Clipeus (Roman, Greek) • Dhal (Indian) • Heater shield, heraldic shield (European) • Hide, wickerwork, leather and ceremonial shields (Tribal, Worldwide) • Hungarian shield (European) • Kite shield (European) • Lantern shield (Italian) • Parma, parmula (Roman) • Peltarion (Greek) • Rattan shield (Korean, Chinese) • Round shieldScuta, rectangular, tower and oval scutum (Roman) • Targe (European) • Nguni shield (African) • Chīmalli (American) ==Thrown==
Thrown
Throwing blades and dartsChakram (Indian, Southeast Asian) • Kunai (Improvised, Japanese) • Mambele (African) • Plumbata (European) • Shuriken (Japanese) • Swiss arrow (European) • Throwing dart (Worldwide) • Throwing knife (Worldwide) Throwing spears All could be used as spears, but were designed and primarily used for throwing. • Angon (European) • Assegai, assagai (African) • Atlatl and darts (American, Paleolithic tribes) • Falarica, phalarica (Mediterranean) • Harpoon (Worldwide) • Jangchang (Korean) • Javelin (Mediterranean) • Lancea (Mediterranean) • Mesangylon (Greek) • Metal bar, metal pipe (Improvised, Worldwide) • Northern spear (Philippinese, Southeast Asian) • Pilum (Roman) • Soliferrum, saunion, soliferreum (Mediterranean) • Spiculum (Roman) • Vel (Indian) • Verutum (Roman) • Woomera, amirre (Australian) Throwing axes Could also be used as axe weapons, but were specifically designed for throwing. • Francisca, francesca (European) • Hunga munga, danisco, goleyo, njiga (African) • Hurlbat, whirlbat (European) • Kapak siam (Asian) • Nzappa zap (African) • Tomahawk also an axe weapon (American) Throwing ballsBolas, ayllo, liwi, qilumitautit (Central American, South American, Arctic) • Slungshot not to be confused with a slingshot (Improvised, Worldwide) • Stone, rock (Improvised, Worldwide) Throwing sticksBoomerang (Australian, Worldwide) • Knobkierrie, knopkierie, knobkerry, also a blunt weapon (African) • Rungu (East African) • Stick, branch (Improvised, Worldwide) ==Gunpowder-based==
Gunpowder-based
''. The cannon was capable of firing proto shells, cast iron bombs filled with gunpowder. • Abus howitzer (Turkish) • Arquebus, caliver, hackbut, harkbus, harquebus (European) • Bajō-zutsu pistol (Japanese) • Basilisk cannon (European) • Bâton à feu hand cannon (French) • Bedil tumbak hand cannon (Indonesian) • Blunderbuss, donderbus (European) • Bō-hiya rocket arrow (Japanese) • Bombard (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) • Byzantine bombard (Greek) • Byzantine fire tube (cannon) (Greek) • Byzantine rocket launcher (Greek) • Cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) • Cetbang cannon (Indonesian, Southeast Asian) • Che Dian Chong musket (Chinese) • Chongtong cannon (Korean) • Culverin cannon (French) • Dardanelles bombard (Turkish) • Dulle Griet bombard (Belgian) • Ekor lotong cannon (Malaysian) • Falconet, falcon cannon (European) • Fauconneau cannon (European) • Faule Grete bombard (Polish) • Faule Mette bombard (German) • Fire arrow, rocket arrow (Chinese) • Fire lance, Huo Qiang lance hand cannon (Chinese) • Grose Bochse bombard (German) • Hand cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) • Hand mortar (European) • Heilongjiang hand cannon (Chinese) • Hu Dun Pao cannon (Chinese) • Huo Che rocket arrow launcher (Chinese) • Huo Chong hand cannon (Chinese) • Hwacha rocket arrow launcher (Korean) • Istinggar arquebus (Indonesian) • Java arquebus (Indonesian) • Jiaozhi arquebus (Vietnamese) • Korean cannonLantaka, rentaka cannon (Philippinese, Indonesian, Malaysian, Southeast Asian) • Lela cannon (Malaysian) • MatchlockSnap matchlockMeriam kecil hand cannon (Indonesian, Malaysian) • Mons Meg bombard (Belgian) • Mortar (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) • Orban bombard (Turkish) • Organ gun, ribauldequin, ribauiidkin, ribault, rabauld (European) • Petronel hand cannon (European) • Pierrier a boite cannon (French) • Pistol (European) • Pot de fer cannon (French) • Prangi, pranki, pranku, paranki, pranga, parangi, prangu, parangu, piranki, pirangi, farangi, firingi, firingiha cannon (Turkish, Indian) • Pumhart von Steyr bombard (Austrian) • San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon (Chinese) • Shou Chong hand cannon (Chinese) • Singijeon, shinkichon rocket arrow (Korean) • Tanegashima arquebus (Japanese) • Tarasnice cannon (European) • Toradar, torador arquebus (Indian) • Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon (Chinese) • Veuglaire cannon (French) • Wankou Chong cannon (Chinese) • Xanadu cannon (Chinese) • Xi Xia cannon (Chinese) • Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket (Chinese) ==Slings==
Slings
Kestros, cestrus, cestrosfendoni, kestrosfedoni (Greek) • Sling (Worldwide) • Stave sling, fustibale (Mediterranean) ==Bows==
Bows
LongbowsDaikyu (Japanese) • Decurve bowDeflex bowEnglish longbow, warbow • FlatbowSelf bowWelsh longbow, warbow Recurve bowsCable-backed bowComposite bowHungarian bowPerso-Parthian bow Short bows and reflex bowsGungdo, hwal (Korean) • Hankyu (Japanese) • Mongol bowTurkish bow ==Crossbows==
Crossbows
Arbalest, arblast (European) • Bullet bow, English bullet bow, pellet crossbow (European) • Cheiroballistra, hirovallistra hand ballista (Roman, Greek) • Crossbow (European, Chinese) • Gastraphetes, gastrafetis (Greek) • Pistol crossbowRepeating crossbow, chu ko nu, zhuge (Chinese) • Skåne lockbow (European) • Stone bow (European) ==Blowguns==
Blowguns
Blowgun, blowpipe, blow tube (Worldwide) • Fukiya (Japanese) ==Stationary, mounted, or wheeled ballistic devices==
Stationary, mounted, or wheeled ballistic devices
This section includes ballistic (missile-launching) siege engines and similar larger ballistic devices which were either stationary, mounted on moving objects such as carts or elephants, or wheeled. • Ballista (European, Asian) • Ballista elephant (Angkor) • Carroballista (Roman) • Catapult (European, Asian) • Catapulta (Roman) • Efthytonon catapult (Greek) • Hu Dun Pao trebuchet (Chinese) • Mangonel (Chinese) • Onager (Roman) • Oxybeles, oxyvelis ballista (Greek) • Palintonon catapult (Greek) • Polybolos, polyvolos repeating ballista (Greek) • Trebuchet (European, Asian) ==Flamethrowers==
Flamethrowers
Pen Huo Qi flamethrower (Chinese) • Greek fire ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com