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PNS Hangor (S131)

PNS/M Hangor (S-131) is a Daphné-class diesel-electric submarine that served in the Pakistan Navy from 1969 until its decommissioning in 2006. It is the first submarine to sink a ship after World War II.

Acquisition and initial deployment
After the second war with Pakistan in 1965, the Indian Navy underwent a rapid modernization and expansion, causing the Pakistan Navy's focus to shift towards strengthening their existing Submarine Command (COMSUBS) due to being unable to acquire fighter jets from the Air Force. Notably, Hangors officers that served in 1971 included: • Commander Ahmed Tasnim, the commanding officer. • Lieutenant-Commander A. U. Khan, second-in-command and the navigation officer • Lieutenant-Commander R. A. Kadri, the electrical officer. • Lieutenant Fasih Bokhari, the navigation officer. The ship's first war-time deployment was in August 1971, gathering intelligence on the Indian Navy and clearing the Manora Island and Ormara Bay in the coastal areas of Pakistan. Hangor reported back to base in September 1971 but was again deployed in November 1971. As Indian covert involvement in the East Pakistan grew, the Navy NHQ in Karachi deployed its only (albeit aging) long-range submarine, , under the command of Z.M. Khan, to pick up intelligence and track the aircraft carrier off the Bay of Bengal in November 1971. According to Rear-Admiral R. A. Kadri in 1999, the assigned mission was considered quite difficult and dangerous, with the submarine squadron sailing under the assumption that the dangerous nature of this mission meant a great mortal risk to the submarine and her crew. ==Service with Pakistan Navy==
Service with Pakistan Navy
Western Front of Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 On the midnight of 26 November 1971, Hangor sailed from its base with a load of torpedoes to patrol the Bombay Harbour. It was then speculated that the torpedo had missed its target, and the moment Kirpan sensed the torpedo, the captain of Kirpan realized that the ship was under attack turned away at maximum speed from the scene. Kirpan was not sunk but there was a substantial amount of physical damage that led Kirpan to flee the battle scene by turning west towards deep waters. Hangor moved into searching for survivors in a hope to rescue but Khukri sank in matter of two minutes before Hangor could reach it. The casualty roster listed 18 officers and 176 sailors aboard Khukri and it remains as the Indian Navy's most costly wartime casualty in terms of lives lost. Kirpan returned to the scene next day to execute the rescue operation along with INS Katchal but left without success. After this incident, there was a massive search and destroy mission led by the Western Fleet, indiscriminately dropping depth charges hoping to sink Hangor. Cdr. Tasnim had Hangor submerged for almost a week, returning to its base with depleted lead batteries during the night of 13 December 1971. According to his personal admission in 2001, Tasnim maintained: "An extensive air search combined with surface ships made our life miserable but with the intelligent evasive action we managed to survive these attacks and arrived in Karachi safely after the ceasefire." ==Legacy==
Legacy
Decommissioning and preservation Over the successive years, it served in the Navy with distinction until decommissioning in 2006. In its memory, Pakistan remembers and celebrates 9 December as Hangor Day. Honors and awards In recognition of her service, Hangor was decorated with multiple gallantry and wartime awards and honors. She is regarded in the Navy as having the highest number of operational gallantry awards given to a single warship of Pakistan Navy. == In popular culture ==
In popular culture
Hangor has been featured in a number of Pakistani dramas and films. An example of this is the film Hangor S-131. It is featured in the 2026 Indian film Border 2 which is based on different theatres of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971; Shahid Latif portrays Hangor captain Ahmad Tasnim while Mahendra Nath Mulla, captain of INS Khukri, is portrayed by Ahan Shetty. == See also ==
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