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Hanlin Academy

The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."

Academy members
Some of the more famous academicians of Hanlin were: • Li Bai (701–762) – Poet • Bai Juyi (772–846) – Poet • Su Shi (1037 – 1101) – Poet • Yan Shu (991–1055) – Poet, calligrapher, (prime minister, 1042) • Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) – Historian • Shen Kuo (1031–1095) – Chancellor • Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145) – Painter • Zhao Mengfu (1254–1322) – Painter, calligrapher, poet (rector, 1314–1320) • Huang Zicheng (1350–1402) – Imperial scholar • Li Dongyang (1447–1516) – Imperial officer, poet, served as 'Grand Historian' • Ni Yuanlu (1593–1644) – Calligrapher, painter, high-ranking official • Wu Renchen (1628–1689) – Historian and mathematician • Chen Menglei (1650–1741) – Scholar, writer (Editor in Chief of the Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China) • Zhang Tingyu (1672–1755) – Politician and historian • Ji Xiaolan (1724–1805) – Scholar, poet (Editor in Chief of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries) • Yao Nai (1731–1815) – Scholar • Gao E (1738–1815) – Scholar and editor • He Changling (1785–1848) – Scholar and official • Zeng Guofan (1811–1872) – Scholar and later key military official • Chen Lanbin (1816–1895) – Diplomat (ambassador to the U.S., Spain and Peru) • Weng Tonghe (1830–1904) – Imperial Tutor • Cai Yuanpei (1868–1940) – Educator • Qu Hongji (1850–1918) – Politician ==Bureau of Translators==
Bureau of Translators
Subordinated to the Hanlin Academy was the Bureau of Translators (). Founded by the Ming dynasty in 1407, after the first expedition of Zheng He to the Indian Ocean, the Bureau dealt with the memorials delivered by foreign ambassadors and trained foreign language specialists. It included departments for many languages such as the Jurchen, "Tartar" (Mongol), Korean, Ryukyuan, Japanese, Tibetan, "Huihui" (the "Muslim" language, Persian) Vietnamese and Burmese languages, and Xitian (西天; (Sanskrit, spoken in India). In 1511 and 1579 departments for the languages of Ba bai (八百; Lao) and Thai were added, respectively. The later Tongwen Guan that was set up by the Qing dynasty for translating Western languages was subordinated to the Zongli Yamen rather than the Hanlin. ==1900 fire==
1900 fire
The Beijing Hanlin Academy and its library were severely damaged in a fire during the Siege of the International Legations in Peking (now known as Beijing) in 1900 by the Kansu Braves while fighting against the Eight-Nation Alliance, close to the British Legation as an intimidation tactic. On June 22-23, the fire spread to the academy: The flames destroyed many ancient texts. The academy operated continuously until its closure during the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. == See also ==
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