He was born on April 1, 1890 in Vienna as the son of a wealthy doctor. These ideas hindered his academic career in Austria and in most German-language universities. He only obtained his
Habilitation in 1927 and was never appointed professor in Austria and Germany, although he was invited twice, in 1930 and 1932, to deliver the prestigious
Hague Lectures. From 1932 to 1934 he was a
Rockefeller Research Fellow in the United States. Thanks to the auspices of
Manley O. Hudson, he obtained a chair in international law at the
University of Toledo, which he held until 1960, when he retired. From 1944 onwards he was a member of the editorial committee of the
American Journal of International Law. In 1955 he delivered a third series of Hague Lectures. In 1957 he was elected associate of the
Institut de Droit International, and in 1969 a full member; due to failing health, he resigned from that prestigious academic institution in 1969, in order to make room for younger scholars. He was given a doctorate
honis causa by the
National University of Mexico. Often invited to lecture in Latin American countries, he had an interest in Latin American legal philosophy and often published in Spanish, thus contributing to the spread of Kelsen's theory in both North and South America. He died in Toledo on August 5, 1970, at the age of 80. == References ==