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Harald Edelstam

Gustav Harald Edelstam was a Swedish diplomat. During World War II he earned the nickname Svarta nejlikan for helping hundreds of Norwegian Jews, SOE agents, and saboteurs escape from the Germans. During the early 1970s he was stationed in Santiago, Chile, and became known as the "Raoul Wallenberg of the 1970s" when he helped over 1,200 Chileans, hundreds of Cuban diplomats and civilians, and 67 Uruguayan and Bolivian refugees escape persecution by dictator Augusto Pinochet.

Early life
Edelstam was born on 17 March 1913 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of , a courtier, and his wife Hilma Dickinson. He was the older brother of the diplomat Axel Edelstam and grandson of the lawyer, the civil servant and the politician . Edelstam passed studentexamen in 1933 and earned a Candidate of Law degree in Stockholm in 1939 before becoming employed as an attaché at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Stockholm the same year. ==Career==
Career
Harald Edelstam served in Rome in 1939 and the Foreign Ministry in Stockholm in 1940, in Berlin in 1941, and in Oslo in 1942 where Edelstam became acting Second Vice Consul in 1944. On 13 September, the day after the evacuation, the Swedish flag was raised over the Cuban embassy and the embassy remained under Swedish protecting power for 18 years until 1991. In the months that followed, as the Pinochet regime began a campaign of torture and murder, Edelstam worked ceaselessly with embassy staff and volunteers to organize asylum for more than a thousand victims of the regime, including securing the release of at least 60 individuals from the National Stadium detention center. For helping Cubans escape from Chile, Edelstam was honored by Fidel Castro as a hero. Today, Edelstam is considered as a modern-day hero among millions around Latin America, and particularly so among the hundreds of thousands of Chileans who were forced into exile by the regime. Edelstam came back to Stockholm and was available for the Foreign Minister during 1974 before being sent as ambassador to Algiers on the advice of Edelstam's greatest enemy, diplomat Wilhelm Wachtmeister. He left the position and retired in 1979. ==Personal life==
Personal life
Edelstam was married 1939–1958 to Countess Louise von Rosen (born 1918), the daughter of Count Hans von Rosen and Dagmar () Edelstam married a third time in 1981 with Christine Colmain. In the marriage with von Rosen he had three sons: Carl (born 1941), Hans (born 1943) and Erik (born 1946). ==Death==
Death
Church close to Stockholm. The celebration of him helping the Chilean and others to escape during the 1973 military coup. Edelstam died of cancer on 16 April 1989. He was interred on 7 June 1989 at Ekerö Cemetery at in Ekerö Municipality, Stockholm County. In 1993, following the restoration of Chilean democracy, Edelstam was posthumously awarded the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins. The San Miguel municipal library bears his name. ==Popular culture==
Popular culture
A film about Edelstam's activities in Chile, The Black Pimpernel, was released in September 2007. He was portrayed by Michael Nyqvist. In 2019, he was portrayed by Mikael Persbrandt in Finnish-Chilean television series Invisible Heroes, depicting his efforts with chargé d'affaires of Finland Tapani Brotherus in saving refugees from Chile during the military coup. ==Awards and decoration==
Awards and decoration
• Commander of the Order of the Polar Star (17 November 1969) • Knight of the Order of the Polar Star (1962) • Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau • Knight 1st Class of the Order of St. Olav • Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog • Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy • Officer of the Order of the White Elephant ==See also==
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