This colonial settlement was first proposed in 1846. The
Southern Whale Fishery Company was formed in Britain and granted a
Royal Charter with its founder,
Charles Enderby, as the resident chief commissioner and lieutenant governor of the new colony. Charles Enderby was the son of
Samuel Enderby, founder of the London whaling company
Samuel Enderby & Sons. The Enderby Settlement was the start of the establishment of Hardwicke, the intended ship provisioning and whaling station in Erebus Cove, Port Ross, at the north-eastern end of Auckland Island, close to
Enderby Island. The Enderby Settlement efforts began in December 1849. Three ships, the
Samuel Enderby,
Fancy and
Brisk from Britain arrived at Port Ross with the intending colonists, prefabricated houses and bricks with which to build chimneys. The settlers were carefully chosen to establish the new colony. They included women and children as well as farm workers, shipwrights, a surgeon, a civil engineer and other people with appropriate skills. In January 1850, the settlement was officially named "Hardwicke" after the
Earl of Hardwicke, the governor of the company. Two farm sites were chosen, one on Auckland Island and the other on Enderby Island. However crops were difficult to grow because of poor soils, harsh climate and high rainfall. Livestock were hard to muster in the thick scrub. Whaling was also unproductive. Within three years, special commissioners from the whaling company decided to close the settlement as it was too expensive to maintain. It was abandoned in August 1852, after a period of two years and nine months during which five weddings, sixteen births and two infant deaths had taken place. In 1854, the island was also abandoned by Māori, most of whom resettled on
Stewart Island, with the remainder returning to the Chathams. Most of Hardwicke's buildings were disassembled and removed, leaving little evidence that settlement had occurred – the prefabricated buildings were later auctioned off in
Sydney. Today all that remains is a cemetery containing six graves: the remains of infant settlers, and three subsequent
castaways from the wrecks of the (1907), (1864), and (1866). == References ==