Highland Park, New Jersey

The earliest settlers of the land that would become Highland Park were the Lenape Native Americans. They hunted in the hills along the Raritan River, which had trails that crisscrossed the area. The trail helped provide a link between the Delaware River and Hudson River areas. In 1685, John Inian bought land on both shores of the Raritan River and built two new landings downstream from the Assunpink Trail's fording place, which was later developed as Raritan Landing. He established a ferry service, and the main road was then redirected to lead straight to the ferry landing. This river crossing was run by generations of different owners, and a ferry house tavern operated for many years in the 18th century. A toll bridge replaced the ferry in 1795. The wood plank Albany Street Bridge was dismantled in 1848 and reconstructed in 1853. The present-day seven-span stone arch road bridge was built in 1892 and stretches across the Raritan River to New Brunswick. It became the Lincoln Highway Bridge in 1914 and was widened in 1925. In the late 17th century, Henry Greenland became one of the area's first European settlers; he owned nearly of land on the Mill Brook section of the Assunpink Trail, where he operated an inn for travelers. Other early settlers included Captain Francis Drake and other members of the Drake family, relatives of the famous explorer. In the early 18th century, a few wealthy Europeans, including the Van Horns and Merrills, settled on large tracts of land, establishing an isolated farmstead pattern of development that would continue for the next 150 years. The Reverend John Henry Livingston of the famous Livingston family, newly chosen head of Queen's College (now Rutgers University), purchased a plot of land in 1809, which would hereafter be known as the Livingston Manor. A gracious Greek Revival house built around 1843 by Robert and Louisa Livingston stands on this property, which remains Highland Park's most prominent historic house. The Livingston Homestead, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, was owned by the Waldron family throughout most of the 20th century. In the early 19th century, both the Delaware & Raritan Canal and a railroad were constructed largely to serve the commercial center of New Brunswick across the river. In 1836, the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company built a rail line that terminated on the Highland Park side of the Raritan River and established a station named "East New Brunswick." The Camden and Amboy Railroad built a wood, double-deck bridge, which eliminated the station stop in 1838. It was destroyed by a suspicious fire in 1878. Despite the canal and the railroad, Highland Park's land continued to be used for agriculture. Residential development slowly began 30 years later. Several stately houses were constructed on Adelaide Avenue, and more modest houses were constructed on Cedar, First, and Second Avenues and Magnolia, Benner, and Johnson Streets. In the 1870s, the small hamlet became better known as "Highland Park", a name derived from the suburban housing development. Although the area adjacent to the railroad tracks continued to be called "East New Brunswick." In 2016, Highland Park became the state's first registered HeartSafe community. Livingston Manor Historic District Livingston Manor was a subdivision built upon the lands surrounding the Livingston Homestead. This subdivision was the brainchild of Watson Whittlesey (1863–1914), a real estate developer born in Rochester, New York. Whittlesey was more than a typical land speculator; he was a community builder, which was noted by his residency in various Livingston Manor houses from 1906 to 1914, and by his active involvement in the municipal affairs of Highland Park. Instead of auctioning lots like his 19th century predecessors, Whittlesey sold subdivided lots with either a house completely built by his company or with the promise of providing a company-constructed house similar to those previously constructed. The suburban development grew between 1906 and 1925, when Whittlesey's company, the Livingston Manor Corporation and its successor, the Highland Park Building Company, constructed single-family houses from plans produced by a select group of architects. While a variety of building types and styles are present on each block, the buildings in the district are distinguished by the use of specific building plans found nowhere else in Highland Park and by the embellishments that are typical of the Craftsman philosophy, which emphasized the value of the labor of skilled artisans who showed pride in their abilities. In the first years of this development, the houses were constructed one entire block at a time beginning with the southeast side of Grant Avenue between Lawrence Avenue and North Second Avenue. The next block to be developed was the northwest side of Lincoln Avenue between Lawrence Avenue and North Second Avenue. Six stucco bungalows were then constructed on the southern side of Lawrence east of Lincoln Avenue. As the housing development grew in popularity, houses were constructed less systematically by block, and more often on lots that individual homeowners selected from the remaining available properties. Whittlesey used plans from architects George Edward Krug and Francis George Hasselman, as well as plans generated by several local architects including John Arthur Blish and William Boylan. Sixty-two houses had been constructed in Livingston Manor by 1910. In 1912, Watson Whittlesey hired a sales agent, John F. Green, and began selling bungalow lots. These properties were smaller and less expensive, and a set of plans for a bungalow was given to any purchaser. By 1913, 120 houses had been constructed in Livingston Manor. Dubbed "Lord of the Manor", Whittlesey created a neighborhood spirit by giving receptions for the residents, by providing playgrounds for the children, and by encouraging the men to take a more active part in public affairs. After his death on April 8, 1914, Manor residents turned out in the hundreds to attend a memorial service at his house. The Highland Park Building Company was incorporated in 1914 by long-standing members of his company including builder Robert Lufburrow and engineer Harold Richard Segoine. In 1916, Mrs. Whittlesey, who was president of the Livingston Manor Corporation, turned over the privately owned streets, sidewalks, and curbs to the borough. Remarkably, there were no provisions for the borough to accept public ownership of the sewers. That required an act of legislation at the statehouse in Trenton, which was accomplished by Senator Florance and Assemblyman Edgar and signed by Governor Walter Evans Edge the following year. Anna Wilcox Whittlesey, "Lady of the Manor", died on August 16, 1918. She was remembered as "a woman of rare refinement and culture, and the soul of hospitality." Highland Park's identity as a streetcar suburb was transformed to that of an automobile suburb during the 1920s. By 1922, there had been 210 dwellings constructed in Livingston Manor. The Livingston Manor Corporation continued to have transactions into the 1960s, but the area's significant development had taken place by 1925. The Livingston Manor is an important neighborhood in Highland Park. The Livingston Manor Historic District was listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on April 1, 2004, and in the National Register of Historic Places on July 7, 2004. • The Pomeranz Building on Raritan Avenue and South Third Avenue (1920) • 82 Harrison Avenue (1913) • Two houses on Cliff Court (1914) • Several houses on South Adelaide Avenue near Cliff Court (1910–1914) • The Highland Park High School (original building-1926) • The Masonic Temple on Raritan Avenue at North Fourth Avenue (1923) It remains as a one-story commercial building after a fire on March 10, 1965, destroyed the upper levels of the auditorium and offices. • The Brody House at corner of Raritan and North Adelaide Avenues (built 1911–demolished 1997) • The former Police Station at 137 Raritan Avenue (demolished). • Anshe Emeth Memorial Temple on Livingston Avenue in neighboring New Brunswick (1929) ==Geography==

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.83 square miles (4.74 km2), including 1.82 square miles (4.72 km2) of land and 0.01 square miles (0.02 km2) of water (0.44%). ==Demographics==

2020 census As of the 2020 census, Highland Park had a population of 15,072. The median age was 35.0 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 14.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.1 males age 18 and over. 100.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.0% lived in rural areas. There were 6,320 households in Highland Park, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 41.9% were married-couple households, 21.0% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.6% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. 2000 census As of the 2000 United States census Of residents reporting their ancestry, 9.8% were of Italian, 9.1% Irish, 8.1% German, 7.8% Russian, 7.5% Polish. There were 5,899 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.06. In the borough the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males age 18 and over. The median income for a household in the borough was $53,250, and the median income for a family was $71,267. Males had a median income of $47,248 versus $36,829 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $28,767. About 5.3% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over. ==Community==

Highland Park has at times been a bedroom community for nearby Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson in New Brunswick, with a resulting academic flair to the community. Nobel laureate Selman Waksman (Medicine, 1952) lived in the borough until he moved to Piscataway in 1954, and laureate Arno Penzias (Physics, 1978) lived in the borough until the 1990s. There is a new state-of-the-art environmental center on River Road, just a few hundred feet upstream from the Albany Street Bridge. The borough's Environmental Commission envisions this center as a stop along a riverbank walking trail that would link Johnson Park with Donaldson Park and beyond, to the Meadows environmental area on the Edison border. Along the Raritan River, the "Highland Park River Greenway" would establish a mile-long, ADA-accessible, safe, and enjoyable trail that would connect the two parks and connect locals and tourists with the river. Bicyclists and pedestrians would both be able to use the trail. Completion of this project would also constitute an important segment of the East Coast Greenway. In 1978, Highland Park became the first municipality in New Jersey to have an eruv, a symbolic enclosure that allows Orthodox Jews to perform certain activities outdoors on the Sabbath that would be otherwise prohibited. Through an arrangement with New Jersey Bell (now Verizon), a continuous wire was strung from pole to pole around portions of the borough. Eventually this expanded and includes portions of Edison and connects with New Brunswick. The wires are inspected every Friday to ensure that the connections are complete. When intact, this eruv satisfies most Orthodox Jewish religious requirements allowing residents to carry objects during the Sabbath. ==Government==

Local government Highland Park is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 (of the 564) municipalities statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by Highland Park is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. The borough operates through Committees of the Council: Administration, Finance, Public Works, Public Safety, Community Affairs, Public Utilities, and Health, Welfare and Recreation. The various departments, boards and commissions report to the council through these committees. All elected positions are part-time; the mayor and council members typically hold outside jobs, and receive small salaries from their elected offices. , the mayor of Highland Park is Democrat Elsie Foster, whose term of office ending on December 31, 2027. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Stephany Kim-Choban (D, 2027), Philip G. George (D, 2028), Matthew L. Hale (D, 2028), Matthew Hersh (D, 2026) and Jason Postelnik (D, 2026) and Norma Iris Vargas (D, 2027). In January 2023, the borough council appointed Elsie Foster to fill the vacant seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by Gayle Brill Mittler until she resigned from office the previous month citing a desire for more time with her family. The next month, Jason Postelnik was appointed to the council seat expiring in December 2023 that was vacated by Elsie Foster when she took office as mayor. In January 2017, the borough council selected Matthew Hersh to fill the seat expiring in December 2019 that became vacant following the death of Jon Erickson the previous October before Election Day; Erickson's name remained on the ballot and he was elected to serve the three-year term. Hersh had been appointed to serve the balance of Erickson's previous term that expired in December 2016. In July 2018, Hersh resigned to accept a position with a state agency and was replaced by Matthew Hale. Mayors The mayors are: • James B. Archer (D), 1905–1907. • Lorenz Volkert (R), 1908–1913. • George White (D), 1914–1915. • Russell E. Watson (R), 1916–1919. • Robert Wood Johnson II (R), 1920–1921. • Cornelius B. McCrelis Jr. (R), 1922–1923. • George F. Leonard (D), 1924–1925. • Benjamin Erickson (R), 1926–1928. • Edwin W. Eden (R), 1928–1929. • Richard T. Parker (R), 1930–1931. • Irving D. Buttler (R), 1932–1935. • Russell C. Smalley (R), 1936–1937. • Russell B. Howell, 1938–1939. • Walter K. Wood, 1940–1941. • Harold W. Drake (R), 1942–1946. • George W. Miller (R), 1946–1948. • Alvah H. Cole (R), 1948–1951. • Joseph C. DeCoster (D), 1952–1953. • William C. Campbell (D), 1954–1955. • Luther H. Martin (D), 1956–1959. • Samuel J. Kronman (D), 1960–1965. • Herbert M. Tanzman (D), 1966–1969. • Samuel J. Kronman (D), 1970–1971. • Gasper Paul Beck (D), 1972–1975. • Harold "Hesh" Berman (D), 1976–1979. • Charles W. Muhollen (D), 1980–1983. • Harold "Hesh" Berman (D), 1984–1987. • Jeffrey M.Orbach (R), 1988–1991. • H. James Polos (D), 1992–1999. • Meryl Frank (D), 2000–2010 (resigned office). • Steve Nolan (D), 2010–2012. • Gary Minkoff (D), 2013–2014 (resigned office). • Padraic Millet (D), 2014 (acting) • Gayle Brill Mittler (D), 2014–2022. Re-elected on November 5, 2019, to serve another 4-year term, which would expire on December 31, 2023; she resigned in December 2022. • Elsie Foster (D), 2023–present after being appointed to fill Gayle Britt Mittler's vacant seat Federal, state and county representation Highland Park is located in the 6th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 18th state legislative district. Politics As of March 2011, there were a total of 8,506 registered voters in Highland Park, of which 5,082 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats, 634 (7.5%) were registered as Republicans and 2,776 (32.6%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 14 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens. In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 72.7% of the vote (4,470 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 24.9% (1,528 votes), and other candidates with 2.4% (148 votes), among the 6,191 ballots cast by the borough's 9,052 registered voters (45 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 68.4%. In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 72.1% of the vote (4,699 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 25.6% (1,667 votes) and other candidates with 1.5% (96 votes), among the 6,518 ballots cast by the borough's 9,072 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.8%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 72.0% of the vote here (4,550 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 26.4% (1,669 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (70 votes), among the 6,319 ballots cast by the borough's 8,507 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 74.3. In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 64.1% of the vote (2,449 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 33.9% (1,294 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (79 votes), among the 3,867 ballots cast by the borough's 9,065 registered voters (45 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon S. Corzine received 65.7% of the vote here (2,842 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 26.0% (1,125 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.5% (280 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (39 votes), among the 4,329 ballots cast by the borough's 8,342 registered voters, yielding a 51.9% turnout. ==Education==

The Highland Park Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,635 students and 155.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2023–24 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are Irving Primary School with 297 students in grades PreK–1, Bartle Elementary School with 433 students in grades 2–5, Highland Park Middle School with 346 students in grades 6–8 and Highland Park High School with 518 students in grades 9–12. The community is also served by the Greater Brunswick Charter School, a K–8 charter school serving students from Highland Park, Edison, Milltown and New Brunswick. As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 403 students and 23.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.5:1. Eighth grade students from all of Middlesex County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Middlesex County Magnet Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its schools in East Brunswick, Edison, Perth Amboy, Piscataway and Woodbridge Township, with no tuition charged to students for attendance. The Center School serves students with learning and emotional challenges in grades K–12. Founded in 1971 in Bound Brook, the school moved in 1989 to a former public school building in Highland Park. A fire in the school's building in February 2012 forced the school to relocate to Branchburg Township on an interim basis. ==Transportation==

Roads and highways and County Route 514 entering Highland Park on the Albany Street Bridge , the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Middlesex County, and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. There are five main roads in Highland Park: • New Jersey Route 27 – Known as Raritan Avenue, it traverses for about through downtown and the outskirts of Highland Park. The section between Adelaide and Fifth Avenues runs virtually east to west and divides the town into the north and south sides. • County Route 514 – Enters Highland Park concurrent with Route 27, then heads eastward on Woodbridge Avenue at South Sixth Avenue. It runs through the southeast region of the borough. • Middlesex County Route 622 – River Road in Highland Park, stretches for over in the western region of the borough following the curving bank of the Raritan River. • Middlesex County Route 676 – This is Duclos Lane and it forms a portion of Highland Park's eastern border with Edison. Road spends in Highland Park. • Middlesex County Route 692 – Cedar Lane in the northern section of the borough intersects with River Road. U.S. Route 1 and New Jersey Route 18 are accessible close to Highland Park, just beyond its southeastern and southwestern borders. Public transportation NJ Transit local bus service is provided on the 810 and 814 routes. Atlantic City weekend service is available on Suburban Transit's 700 route. NJ Transit northbound trains to New York Penn Station, and southbound to the Trenton Transit Center via the Northeast Corridor Line can be found at nearby New Brunswick station and Edison station. ==Wildlife==

White-tailed deer are common enough in and around Highland Park to be seen as a problem. A deer population survey, which includes Highland Park, was conducted by Raritan Valley Community College in December 2019; the borough's government was using this survey in 2020 as it made plans for deer management. ==Notable people==

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Highland Park include: • Adele Astaire (1896–1981), acclaimed vaudeville and musical theater dancer, actress • Fred Astaire (1899–1987), dancer, singer, actor, recipient of three Emmy and three Golden Globe Awards and an honorary Academy Award • Harvey Jerome Brudner (1931–2009), engineer and inventor • David Clewell (1955–2020), poet and creative writing instructor at Webster University who served as the Poet Laureate of Missouri • Earle Dickson (1892–1961), inventor of the Band-Aid • Nancy Dorian (1936–2024), linguist who carried out research into the decline of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic • Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; 1916–2020), actor, producer, director, philanthropist and writer • Michael Douglas (born 1944), actor, director and producer • Samuel G. Freedman, author and columnist for The New York Times • Willie Garson (1964–2021), actor best known for his role as Stanford Blatch in Sex and the City • Rebecca Goldstein (born 1950), author, philosopher, and 1996 MacArthur "Genius Award" winner • Alan Guth (born 1947), physicist and cosmologist • Dwayne Haskins (1997–2022), American football quarterback • Amy Herzog, playwright • John Hulme (born 1987), author of the book series The Seems and director of the documentary Blood, Sweat & Tears: A Basketball Exorcism • John Seward Johnson II (1930–2020), sculptor and founder of the Johnson Atelier in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey • Robert Wood Johnson II (1893–1968), Johnson & Johnson President, general and philanthropist, who served as mayor of Highland Park from 1920 to 1922 • Soterios Johnson, WNYC radio host • Seth Kaper-Dale, Protestant pastor who was a Green Party candidate in the New Jersey gubernatorial election, 2017 • Sacha Killeya-Jones (born 1998), American-British basketball player for Hapoel Gilboa Galil of the Israeli Basketball Premier League • Sheldon Lavin (1932–2023), CEO and chairman of meat processor OSI Group • Jerry Levine (born 1957), actor and director of television and theater, best known for appearing on Will & Grace and in the films Teen Wolf and Casual Sex? • Roy Lichtenstein (1923–1997), pop artist who moved to a home at 66 South Adelaide Avenue in 1960 • Seth Mandel (born 1982), conservative author who is editor of The Washington Examiner • Tomás Eloy Martínez (1934–2010), journalist and writer, professor and director of the department of Latin American Studies at Rutgers, author of Santa Evita and The Peron Novel • Suzy Parker (1932–2003), fashion model and actress • Arno Allan Penzias (1933–2024), physicist and a co-winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics • Susan Pitt (1948–2024), competition swimmer and world record-holder in the 200-meter butterfly • Stav Prodromou (born 1944), businessman who was the founder and former chief executive officer of Poqet Computer Corporation • George T. Reynolds (1917–2005), physicist best known for his work in particle physics, biophysics and environmental science • Susana Rotker (1954–2000), Venezuelan journalist, columnist, essayist and writer • Rudy Rucker (born 1946), mathematician, computer scientist and science fiction author, best known for the novels in the Ware Tetralogy • Neil Sloane (born 1939), mathematician, creator and maintainer of the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences • L. J. Smith (born 1980), former NFL tight end • Joan Snyder (born 1940), pioneering neo-expressionist feminist artist and 2007 MacArthur "Genius Award" winner • Ulrich P. Strauss (1920–2015), Rutgers University chemist and 1971 Guggenheim Fellow • Darrell K. Sweet (1934–2011), illustrator best known for cover art for science fiction and fantasy novels • Endre Szemerédi (born 1940), mathematician who was the 2012 winner of the Abel Prize • Norman Tanzman (1918–2004), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1962 to 1968 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1968 to 1974 • Olga Von Till (1897–1996), classical pianist and piano teacher • Alan Voorhees (1922–2005), engineer and urban planner • Selman Waksman (1888–1973), biochemist and microbiologist who won the Nobel Prize for his work on antibiotics including Streptomycin for treating tuberculosis ==References==