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Harriet Smithson

Harriet Constance Smithson, who also went by Henrietta Constance Smithson, Harriet Smithson Berlioz, and Miss H.C. Smithson, was an Anglo-Irish Shakespearean actress of the 19th century, best known as the first wife and muse of Hector Berlioz.

Early life
Harriet Smithson was born on 18 March 1800, at Ennis, County Clare, Kingdom of Ireland. Her father, William Joseph Smithson, was an actor and theatrical manager from Gloucestershire, England, and her mother was an actress whose full name is unknown. After Barrett's death on 16 February 1808, the Smithsons sent Harriet to a boarding school in Waterford. ==Acting career==
Acting career
Irish beginning On 27 May 1814, Smithson made her first stage appearance at the Theatre Royal (Dublin), as Albina Mandevill in Frederick Reynolds's The Will. Success in Paris In 1827, Smithson made her Paris début as Lydia Languish in The Rivals at the Odéon theatre. Though she received negative reviews for this role, she was highly praised for her beauty and ability in the subsequent performance of She Stoops to Conquer. The tremendous success of Hamlet led to that of Romeo & Juliet, for 15 September. Smithson was cast as Juliet, where she revolutionized the women's role in theatre by becoming as important as her male counterpart, Romeo. On 18 September, Shakespeare's Othello became the third Shakespeare tragedy to be performed by The English Theatre. Her performance as Desdemona was less effective, but the production was popular enough to be repeated the week after. However, just seven days after her next performance as Juliet, in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the press, including The Examiner, gave her glowing reviews: Miss Smithson's performance of Juliet, take it as a whole, is by many degrees the best we have seen since the days of Miss O'Neil…She is the best tragic actress now in London. She appeared as Belvidera in Venice Preserved and as Mrs. Simpson in Simpson and Co on the Lincoln Circuit at the Peterborough theatre between 27 June and 2 July 1831. After Covent Garden closed for the summer in 1832, Smithson toured minor theatres in England, performing almost exclusively in tragedies. In June 1832, she joined the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, where she had limited success and received criticism about her weight. End of career In 1830, Smithson went back to Paris to set up an English theatre under her own management. She obtained permission to perform at the Theatre-Italien where she performed several unsuccessful plays. A year later, she broke her leg and was forced to put her career on hold until her leg healed. She was now in great debt, yet her mother and sister still depended on her for support. She gave her last performance, as Ophelia, on 15 December 1836, before her health deteriorated. ==As a muse==
As a muse
Smithson's genuine portrayal of her characters led to her fame and elusiveness. Before Smithson, tragedy was considered primarily a man's realm. Her distinctly genuine, almost grotesque, interpretation of characters made way for subsequent actresses in tragedies. ==Marriage to Hector Berlioz==
Marriage to Hector Berlioz
Berlioz discovered Smithson at the Odéon Theatre performing the roles of Juliet Capulet and Ophelia and immediately fell in love with her. He persistently sent her letters despite never having met her. For a brief period, he lived in an apartment whence he could see her return home and watch her until she went to sleep. She ignored all of his advances until 1832, when she was invited to a performance of Lélio, a sequel to his Symphonie Fantastique, by a mutual friend. She realized that the symphony was about her and sent Berlioz a message congratulating him. Berlioz quickly received permission to meet her, and they became lovers. Despite her quiet reluctance and the opposition of both families and friends, they were married at the British Embassy in Paris on 3 October 1833. Louis, the couple's only child, was born on 14 August 1834. Smithson soon became resentful and jealous of Berlioz as his musical success distanced him from her. As she became increasingly possessive and ill, Berlioz began an affair with Marie Recio, a singer at the Paris Opera, who was to be Berlioz' second wife. Smithson eventually moved out of the matrimonial home on the rue Saint Vincent, Montmartre, to the rue Blanche in 1843, but was still financially supported by Berlioz. ==Death==
Death
Smithson came close to death several times before she died, namely from a shooting incident in her garden, where the bullet missed her, and then from the first of many strokes to come. After four additional strokes and an "illness attributed to the cholera epidemic," Smithson suffered from increasingly declining health, including paralysis, which left her barely able to move or speak. She could only answer simple yes or no questions, and at the very end of her life was unable to even cry--although she did cry when Berlioz brought in a portrait of her from her glory days. Smithson thanked Berlioz "for the sorrow it had caused her...can there be such sweetness in regrets and memories?" She died on 3 March 1854, at her home on the rue Saint-Vincent, and was buried at the Cimetière Saint-Vincent. Berlioz later had her body reinterred at the Montmartre cemetery when Saint-Vincent's was to be redeveloped. ==Theatric roles==
Art of Harriet Smithson
File:Harriet Smithson BERLIOZ.jpg|Harriet Smithson, by Eugene Deveria, Musée Hector-Berlioz (maison natale) La Côte-Saint-André File:Portrait of Harriet Smithson.jpg|Harriet Smithson in 1832. Artist unknown. File:George Clint - Harriet Smithson as Miss Dorillon, in "Wives as They Were, and Maids as They Are" by Elizabeth Inchb... - Google Art Project.jpg|Harriet Smithson, by George Clint, as Miss Dorillon, in "Wives as They Were, and Maids as They Are" File:Harrietsmithson.jpg|Harriet Smithson, artist unknown File:The Irish actress Harriett Constance Smithson (1800-1854), by George Clint.jpg|Harriet Smithson, by George Clint File:Harriet Smithson by Francis-Antoine Conscience.jpg|Harriet Smithson by Francis-Antoine Conscience File:Miss Harriet Constance Smithson - grav. par J. Hopwood jun.r ; d'après une peint. de Rose Emma Drummond - btv1b105249136.jpg|Engraving of Harriet Smithson by J. Hopwood, after a painting by Rose Emma Drummond ==References==
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