Hawaiian tropical rainforests

Coastal mesic forests are found on the windward slopes of the major islands from sea level to . These forests have been dominated by the native hala (Pandanus tectorius) and hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and naturalized (Polynesian introductions) kukui (Aleurites moluccana) and milo (Thespesia populnea) for the past 1,000–2,000 years. The Polynesian-introduced noni (Morinda citrifolia), pia (Tacca leontopetaloides), and kī (Cordyline fruticosa) are also common in this zone. Other native species include pololei (Ophioglossum concinnum), ==Mixed mesic forests==

Mixed mesic forests, at on the windward slopes of the large islands in addition to the summit of Mount Lānaihale on Lānai, receive of rainfall annually and thus may not be true rainforests. The forest canopy, dominated by koa (Acacia koa) and ōhia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), is somewhat open, but tree density is rather high. Other trees and shrubs include pāpala (Charpentiera obovata), olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis), hame (Antidesma platyphyllum), mēhame (A. pulvinatum), kōpiko (Psychotria mariniana), ōpiko (P. mauiensis), iliahi (Santalum freycinetianum), hōlei (Ochrosia spp.), poolā (Claoxylon sandwicense), kōlea lau nui (Myrsine lessertiana), kauila (Alphitonia ponderosa), nioi (Eugenia reinwardtiana), aiai (Paratrophis pendulina), and hōawa (Pittosporum spp.). ==Wet forests==

Wet forests generally occur from , Protected areas: • Olaa Forest in the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. ==Bogs==

Bogs are found in montane regions where rainfall exceeds drainage. Dominant vegetation in bogs are shrubs, sedges, and grasses. Larger shrubs and small trees grow on bog perimeters or on raised hummocks. Carex spp., Oreobolus furcatus, and Rhynchospora rugosa are common sedges, shrubs include ōhelo kau laau (Vaccinium calycinum) and ōhelo (V. dentatum), while grasses are represented by Dichanthelium spp. and Deschampsia nubigena. The ferns wāwaeiole (Lycopodiella cernua), amau (Sadleria spp.), and uluhe (Dicranopteris linearis) grow in bogs. Rare plants include liliwai (Acaena exigua), naenae (Dubautia spp.), and Argyroxiphium spp. ==See also==