The original inhabitants of the Hawkesbury district were the
Darug tribe of
Aboriginals, also spelt as Dharug or Daruk. The river, which they called Derrubbin, was a focal point as a source of food and transport. The Darug people used the river to farm for fish, eels, water birds, and mussels. They also used the river as a mode of transport in bark canoes. It was first settled by
Europeans in 1794 in a bid to acquire
arable land to feed the increasing population of the
penal colony at Sydney. In April 1794,
Lieutenant Governor Francis Grose submitted plans for the first 22 farms on the Hawkesbury River in the present
Pitt Town Bottoms area. In June 1795, Lieutenant Governor
William Paterson deployed troops to engage with Aboriginals inhabiting land along the Hawkesbury River. By 1811 Governor
Lachlan Macquarie established the five
Macquarie Towns in the area. They are Windsor, Richmond,
Castlereagh, Wilberforce and Pitt Town, all located on and around the Hawkesbury River. Many of the early 19th century buildings still survive today. Ebenezer has the oldest surviving church and school building in Australia. Windsor District Council was formed in 1843 and disbanded in 1846. In 1871 the Borough Council of Windsor was founded and the
Richmond Borough Council followed in 1872. The two councils amalgamated in 1949 to become the
Municipality of Windsor.
Colo Shire Council was established in 1906 and joined Windsor Municipal Council from 1 January 1981 to become Hawkesbury Shire Council. On 1 July 1989, Hawkesbury became a City. On its creation in 1981, Hawkesbury was largely rural, but urban expansion within Sydney has since transformed the southern part of the area into
dormitory suburbs. The northern part of the local government area still contains some farmlands and
national parkland. ==Demographics==