, described by historian Walter J. Fischel as the "greatest Muslim Hebraist" Some Muslim scholars have opposed the concept of
tahrif (which holds that
previous revelations of God have been corrupted), believing that it is permissible to quote the
Torah and the
Gospel. These include the 15th-century Muslim Hebraist
Ibrahim ibn Umar al-Biqa'i (d. 1480), who did not prohibit the use of the Gospel or the Torah in interpreting the Qur'an. This can be seen in various verses in his tafsir (commentary of the Qur'an) titled
Nazm al-Durar fi Tanasub al-Ayat wa-al-Suwar (). For al-Biqa'i, quoting from the Torah, Gospel and other previous revelations of God is an act that is permitted by the
Sharia. Al-Biqa'i drew extensively on the
Hebrew Bible and the
New Testament as sources to elucidate certain Qur'anic verses. Al-Biqa'i believed that quoting from the previous revelations of God is only permitted in terms of stories and sagas of the past. Aside from this, al-Biqa'i favoured the use of rhetorical and logical coherence as the primary tool for interpretation of the Qur'an. Other notable Muslim (commentators) or philosophers of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili of
al-Andalus (better known as
Ibn Barrajan),
Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani, Shams al-Din al-Daylami, and the
Brethren of Purity. According to historian Walter J. Fischel, the Iranian polymath
Al-Biruni was "the greatest Muslim Hebraist". ==External links==