Hedwig Ross

Ross was born Hedwig Weitzel on 17 September 1900 in New Zealand to German immigrants Friedrich Gustav Weitzel (a brassfounder and later a farmer) and Maria Benninghoven. The couple had three children born in Sydney between 1888 and 1891. As a schoolgirl in Wellington she witnessed the 1913 Great Strike of New Zealand, where workers from several industries protested against working conditions and unfair dismissals. Weitzel was educated at Wellington Girls' College and went on to study at Victoria University College. In 1920, when she was nineteen years old, she completed after two years study a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and philosophy. Future New Zealand Prime Minister Peter Fraser said in the New Zealand House of Representatives in 1921 that "she was wonderfully brilliant—brilliant enough to graduate before reaching the age of twenty." She would later return to receive a Diploma of Education at the University of Sydney. == Political activity in New Zealand ==

In 1921, while studying at Wellington Teachers' College, Weitzel became a founding member of the Communist Party of New Zealand. During this period she was an associate of Fintan Patrick Walsh, a prominent member of the Federated Seaman's Union of New Zealand who led several large scale strikes during the 1920s. Walsh was also a co-founder of the Communist Party of New Zealand and he and Weitzel were rumoured to be lovers. In August 1921, Weitzel's political activities led to her being convicted of selling seditious literature. However, Fraser's support failed to overrule Weitzel's conviction, and she was expelled from Wellington Teachers' College where she was studying for her Diploma of Education. == Political and trade union activity in Australia ==

Her father died in 1917, and her mother and two siblings emigrated to the United States in 1921, but she had difficulty getting a passport to follow them. She moved to Sydney in 1922; in Australia her communist views were more openly acceptable. == References ==