In 1231
Beguines from nearby Maselheim founded a
convent at the
Hecchibach, close to a church whose dedication to
Saint Pancras suggests may have been a
proprietary church of the Counts of
Berg (Swabian Berg, not the Rhenish county with the same name). This church was supervised by
Salem Abbey. The following year, the small convent at Heggbach was also put under the supervision of Salem Abbey. Between 1233 and 1244
Hekebach was incorporated into the Cistercian order and received a charter, dated 26 June 1248, affirming its status as an independent abbey. The abbesses and nuns of Heggbach Abbey were drawn predominantly from peasant and merchant families of the villages and cities in the vicinity. However, in later times, nuns also came from more distant areas and from local families of the lesser nobility. Although major building works were completed under abbess Halwig Wachsgäb (1312-1322), the basic structure and layout of the nunnery, seems to have already been largely finished at around the time of its establishment, since during restoration in 1980 late
Romanesque round-arched windows were discovered, as was the northern entry of the enclosure, similar in style, in the west wing. Similar openings, later bricked up, have been preserved above the vaults in the
cloister. The abbey's extensive property at the time of its foundation came from donations and acquisitions. The property was enlarged by the watermill in Maselheim in 1245 and soon afterwards a number of farms also came into the possession of Heggbach Abbey. In 1267 the abbey received the patronage of the church in Maselheim as part of an inheritance and in 1293 (temporarily) the village of
Ringschnait. The nuns, who at first had lived in a building next to the church of Saint Pancras, soon moved into the new convent buildings, performing their prayers in the small abbey church. This church was redesigned at the beginning of the 14th century and dedicated to
Our Lady and
Saint George. The lords of Freyberg seem to have been
patrons of the abbey since they supported it financially and, in 1493, received the right to use the
choir as a burial place for members of their family. Two of the three co-heirs to the lordship of
Achstetten, Eberhard and Hans von Freyberg, sold their rights of patronage over
Burgrieden to Heggbach Abbey in 1420. Their descendants also disposed of the
chaplaincy of
Mietingen, selling it to the abbey in 1460. Heggbach Abbey also possessed the right to dispense
low justice from at least 1429 in
Sulmingen and in
Baustetten from 1491. In Mietingen the abbey had acquired the right to dispense both low and high justice in 1442. In 1429 Heggbach Abbey was granted
imperial immediacy and from 1500 was a member of the
Swabian Circle. Abbess Elisabeth Kröl (1454-1480) reformed the nunnery in 1467 and in the same year had a new altar built, dedicated to Our Lady. During the reign of her successor, Agnes Sauter (1480-1509), more altars were added to the abbey church, the
chapter house received a chapel and the west wing was extended. Further improvements to the structure of the monastic buildings were carried out under abbess Margaretha Hautmann (1532-1539). The physical protection of the abbey, originally a task of the
Empire, was transferred to the
Imperial city of Biberach in 1481. During the
German Peasants' War, the abbey was looted on 27 March 1525 by rioting farmers of the peasants' army from nearby
Baltringen (
Baltringer Haufen) after several complaints regarding the burden of heavy taxes had been ignored by the abbess. As a symbol that the abbey was now subject to the peasants, a red cross was put on the main gate. In 1529, during the early phases of the
Protestant Reformation, citizens of the nearby Imperial City of Biberach attempted to convert the Heggbach nuns to follow the doctrines of
Martin Luther, an attempt which failed when the then abbess, Walburga Bitterler, refused to comply. Heggbach Abbey suffered several lootings during the
Thirty Years' War, particularly during the Swedish and the French incursions between 1632 and 1647. The interior of the abbey was rebuilt in
Baroque and
Rococo style in the 18th century during the reigns of the abbesses Maria Caecilia Constantia Schmid (1712-1742) and Maria Aleydis Zech (1742-1773). During the same period, the gatehouse was built. At the end of the 18th century, the territory of Heggbach Abbey encompassed five and two-thirds villages (Baltringen, Baustetten, Maselheim, Mietingen and Sulmingen, as well as possessions in
Laupheim), totalling 116
estates with a population of 1,718. == Dissolution ==