Poetic Edda In reference to Hel, in the poem
Völuspá, a
völva states that Hel will play an important role in
Ragnarök. The völva states that a crowing "sooty-red cock from the halls of Hel" is one of three cocks that will signal one of the beginning events of Ragnarök. The other two are Fjalar in
Jotunheim and Gullinkambi in
Valhalla. In
Grímnismál stanza 31, Hel is listed as existing beneath one of the three roots of the world tree
Yggdrasil. One of the other two leads to the
frost jötnar and the third to Mankind. In
Guðrúnarkviða I, as Herborg tells of her grief in having prepared funeral arrangements for various members of her family, her children and her husbands, described it as "arranging their journey to Hel". In the short poem
Helreið Brynhildar, Hel is directly referenced as a location in the title, translating to "Brynhild's Hel-Ride". While riding along a road on the border of Hel in a lavish cart (the cart her corpse was burnt within),
Brynhildr encounters a dead
gýgr at a
burial mound belonging to her. This results in a heated exchange, during which Brynhildr tells of her life. In
Baldrs draumar,
Odin rides to the edge of Hel to investigate nightmares that
Baldr has had. He uses a spell to bring to life the corpse of a völva. Odin introduces himself under a false name and pretense and asks for information from the völva relating to Baldr's dreams. The völva reluctantly proceeds to produce prophecies regarding the events of
Ragnarök. The poem gives some information regarding the geographic location of Hel in parallel to the description in the Prose Edda, which may be related to the fact that it was not included in the Codex Regius but is instead a later addition. In chapter 34,
Hel, the being is introduced.
Snorri writes that Hel was cast down into Hel by Odin who "made her ruler over Nine Worlds". Snorri further writes that there Hel is located in
Niflheim. Here it is related that she could give out lodging and items to those sent to her that have died of disease or old age. A very large dwelling is described as existing in Niflheim owned by Hel with huge walls and gates. The within of this place is called
Éljúðnir, where Hel is described as having a servant, a slave and various possessions. At the end of chapter 49, the death of Baldr and
Nanna is described.
Hermóðr, described as Baldr's brother in this source, sets out for Hel on horseback to retrieve the deceased Baldr. Móðguð speaks to Hermóðr and comments that the bridge echoes beneath him more than the entire party of five people who had just passed. This is a reference to Baldr, Nanna and those that were burnt in their funeral pyre passing over the bridge on death. Móðguð also says that the dead in Hel appear as a different color than the living and tells him that to get to Hel he must go "down and to the North" where he would find the Road to Hel. Here,
Höðr and Baldr are mentioned as returning from Hel in a post-
Ragnarök world:
Gesta Danorum Book I of
Gesta Danorum contains an account of what has often been interpreted as a trip to Hel. While having dinner, King
Hadingus is visited by a woman bearing stalks of
hemlock who asks him if he knows where such fresh herbs grow in winter. Hadingus wants to know; so the woman muffles him with her cloak, pulls him into the ground, and they vanish.
Saxo reasons that the gods wished for Hadingus to visit in the flesh where he will go when he dies. The two penetrate a dark and misty cloud, and then continue along a path worn from heavy use over the ages. The two see men wearing rich-looking robes, and nobles wearing purple. Passing them, they finally reach sunny regions where the herbs the woman presented Hadingus grow. Hadingus and the woman continue until they arrived at a river of blue-black water that is fast-moving, full of rapids, and filled with various weapons. They cross the bridge, and see two "strongly-matched" armies meeting. Hadingus asks the woman about their identity, and she responds that they are men that have met their death by sword, and that they present an everlasting display of their destruction while attempting to equal the activity of their past lives. Moving forward, the two encounter a wall that they cannot find a way over. The woman attempts to leap over it, but despite her slender and wrinkled body, cannot. The woman removes the head of a cock that she was carrying and throws it over the wall. The bird crows immediately; it has returned to life. Hadingus returns to his wife, and foils a threat by pirates. ==Theories==