Helen Stephens

Stephens, nicknamed the "Fulton Flash" after her birthplace, Fulton, Missouri, was a strong athlete in sprint events—she never lost a race in her entire career—and also in weight events such as the shot put and discus throw. She won national titles in both categories. When she was 18, Stephens participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics. There she won the 100 m final, beating reigning champion and world record holder, Stanisława Walasiewicz (aka Stella Walsh) of Poland. Stephen's time of 11.5 s was below the world record, but was not recognized because a strong tailwind was blowing at the time of the race. Next, Stephens anchored the American 4 × 100 m relay team that won the Olympic title after the leading German team dropped its baton. Stephens is quoted by Olympic historian, David Wallechinsky, about her post-race experience with Adolf Hitler. Stephens retired from athletics shortly after the games and played professional baseball and softball. She attended William Woods University, Fulton High School, and Middle River School in Fulton. She was later inducted into the William Woods Owls Hall of Fame, described as "the most well-known athlete in Fulton’s history." From 1938 to 1952, she was the owner and manager of her own semi-professional basketball team; she was the first woman to own and manage a semi-professional basketball team. She was employed for many years in the Research Division of the U.S. Aeronautical Chart and Information Service (later, a part of the Defense Mapping Agency) in St. Louis, Missouri. Her longtime partner was Mabel O. Robbe (née Wires), a dietician at Francis Shimer College. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. She died in Saint Louis at age 75. ==1936 Olympic gender controversy==

At the 1936 Olympics, it was suggested that both Stephens and Stanisława Walasiewicz were, in fact, male. Stephens received scrutiny over her gender after her 100 m victory, with the Warsaw-based newspaper Kurier Poranny writing, "It is scandalous that the Americans entered a man in the women's competition." Other newspapers soon also reported on Stephens alleged lack of femininity. Stephens later told her biographer that she told reporters who questioned her about her gender "to check the facts with the Olympic committee physician who sex-tested all athletes prior to competition." Newspapers soon reported that German officials had given Stephens a so-called sex test and let her compete only after they had confirmed she was a woman. The Harrisburg Telegraph reported that International Olympic Committee performed a physical check on Stephens and concluded that she was a woman. These reports were denied by IOC committee member Avery Brundage and no further evidence surfaced. In 1938, Paul Gallico in his book Farewell to Sport suggested that American sports officials had examined Stephens prior to the Olympic games. On August 28, following the Olympics but before returning to New York, Stephens wrote in her diary that she was inspected by American officials. Walasiewicz in fact had been born intersex, a fact not made public until after her death in 1980. == Bibliography ==