The airport was built in 1938, and after the German invasion of Greece in 1941, Kalamaki Airfield was used as a
Luftwaffe air base during the occupation. Following the end of World War II, the Greek government allowed the
United States to use the airport from 1945 until 1993. Known as Hassani Airport in 1945, it was used by the
United States Army Air Forces as early as 1 October 1945, as a base of operations for
Air Transport Command flights between
Rome,
Italy and points in the
Middle East. A semi-permanent USAAF presence was established in May 1947 as the facility was being reconstructed to facilitate
Marshall Plan aid to Greece and
Turkey. On 5 October 1948, the United States Air Force assigned the
Military Air Transport Service 1632d Air Base Squadron to the airport with ten
C-47 Skytrain cargo aircraft being based at the airport. A new control tower opened in 1951, and by 1954 with the end of Marshall Plan, the
United States Air Forces in Europe 7206th Air Base Squadron (later Group) was assigned to the airport. Commercial airline service returned to the facility in 1956 with the airport being turned over to Greek civil aviation authorities. The airport was renamed Athenai International Airport, and the USAF used a small part of the airport for military cargo use, along with United States diplomatic air traffic. The 7206th Air Base Group remained the primary USAF unit at the airport with the 6916th Security Squadron providing electronic aerial surveillance of the eastern
Mediterranean and the
Middle East). The USAF used the airport for airlift evacuation operations from
Middle East (1967),
Cyprus (1975),
Ethiopia (1977), and
Iran (1979, 1981). The American base was renamed Hellenikon Air Base on 25 February 1976, and also provided administrative and logistical support to U.S. units and organizations in Greece, the Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean, and parts of Africa. With the end of the
Cold War, it was agreed to end the USAF presence at the airport and the United States closed its facilities in 1993. In 1963, the
Finnish star architect
Eero Saarinen designed the East Terminal building. Prior to closing its passenger service, the airport was serving 12 million passengers per year. ==References==