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Joaquina García Balmaseda

Joaquina García Balmaseda de González was a Spanish actress, journalist, poet, humorist, and translator.

Early life and education
Joaquina García Balmaseda was born in Madrid in 1837. Her parents, Dámaso García Fernández and Francisca Balmaseda Olivares, were of modest means. She studied declamation at the Madrid Royal Conservatory, then spent four years as an actress in the company of . == Career ==
Career
García Balmaseda's literary career began in 1860, when she was 23 years old. Across her career, she wrote three plays, three books of advice for women, a book for young women subtitled Tratado de las labores frivolité y malla, three books of poetry, an instructional book for young readers, and various journalistic articles. She also produced many translations, some of which were offered "as a gift" to subscribers to ''''. García Balmaseda's writing on women's education and labor were widely read, including her best-known work, La madre de familia. Her book Diálogos instructivos sobre la religión, la moral y las maravillas de la naturaleza, first published 1860, was printed in its 12th edition by 1919, and it was declared official reading among primary school students. Journalism Her career as a journalist began in 1957, when she started writing for the publications '''' and Barcelona's La Floresta. From there, she wrote for numerous magazines and newspapers over more than 35 years. For La Correspondencia de España, she translated many novellas from French, Italian, and English. In 1864, she began producing literary criticism for the publication, and she also wrote fashion dispatches. She also wrote for El Museo de las Familias (1861), La Aurora de la Vida (1861), La América (1861 and 1867), La Educanda (1862–1865), El Museo Literario (1863–1866), and La Violeta (1864). She worked frequently as an editor, and employed various pseudonyms, including Baronesa de Olivares, Aurora Pérez de Mirón, Adela Samb, and Condesa de Valflores. In October 1883, at age 56, she was named the director of the magazine '''', succeeding Ángela Grassi; she would lead the newspaper for a decade, until 1893. Her fashion column for the magazine, "Revista de Modas," ran for more than 20 years, from 1866 to 1886. She frequently addressed women's issues, defending women's role in the arts and in society at large in her article "La mujer artista." While García Balmaseda was immersed in the prevailing neo-Catholic conservatism of Isabella II's reign, she made important strides in the area of women's education and in ensuring the well-being, independence, and freedom of single women. Theater García Balmaseda also had an interest in the theater, stemming from her youth as an actress. She detailed the medium's history from its Greek roots to its modern form in Spain in her essay "La actriz española." She also wrote three plays, beginning with Genio y figura at only 24 years old. These works developed the theme of antagonism between the sexes and women's fight for independence while still desiring love. == Personal life and death ==
Personal life and death
After many years as a defiantly single woman, Joaquina García Balmaseda married the military officer Eustaquio González Marcos in 1883, when she was 46 years old. this is due to confusion with the death date of her mother. == Selected works ==
Selected works
Theater Genio y figura, Madrid, Imprenta de José Rodríguez, 1861. • Donde las dan..., Madrid, Establecimiento tipográfico de Eduardo Cuesta, 1868. • Un pájaro en el garlito, Madrid, Imprenta de José Rodríguez, 1871. Poetry Entre el cielo y la tierra, 1868, with a prologue by Manuel Cañete. • Ecos de otra edad, Madrid, Ducazcal, 1907. Translations for La Correspondencia de España La dicha de ser rico, by Hendrik ConscienceEl Crimen de Orcival, El dinero de los otros, El legajo núm. 113, El proceso Lerouge, La canalla dorada, Los esclavos de Paris, and Los secretos de la casa Champdoce, by Émile GaboriauAmada, El caballero Fortuna, El paraíso de las mujeres, and El pretil de aventureros, by Paul FevalDos madres, El conde de Coulange, La encantadora, and La hija maldecida, by Jules Émile Richebourg • Cesarina Dietrich, El marqués de Villemer, and Flamarandre, by George SandEl coche número 13, El médico de las locas, and El secreto de la Condesa, by Xavier de MontépinLa hada de Auteuil, Los amores de Aurora, and Los misterios de una raza, by Pierre Alexis Ponson du TerrailLa muerta viva, Marido y mujer, and Pobre Lucila, by Wilkie CollinsCecilia and Creación y redención by Alexandre DumasDiario de una mujer by Octave FeuilletDos miserias by Émile SouvestreEl abismo, by Charles DickensEl beso de la Condesa Sabina, by • El caballero de Pampelonne, by Henri Ange Aristide de Gondrecourt • El capitán del buitre, by Mary Elizabeth BraddonEl padre de Marcial, by Albert DelpitEl prometido de Simona, by Victor CherbuliezEl renegado, by Jules ClaretieEl vampiro de Valdegracia, by Léon GozlanFremont joven y Risler mayor, by Alphonse DaudetLa novia, by Emmanuel González • Los amores de una gran señora, by • Los malvados, by Fortuné du BoisgobeyMadama Frainex, by Robert Halt • Santiago Broneau, by Madame de ClesingerSergio Panine by Georges OhnetUn estreno en la Opera, by Ernest-Aimé FeydeauUn hogar en Akesta, by Émile Gaboriau Essays • "Lo que toda mujer debe saber" (1877), in La mujer en los discursos de género: textos y contextos en el siglo xix, Catherine Jagoe, Alda Blanco, and Cristina Enríquez de Salamanca, eds., Madrid, Icaria, 1995, pp. 95–99. • "La actriz española" (1881), in Faustina Sáez de Melgar (editor), Las mujeres españolas, americanas y lusitanas pintadas por sí mismas, Alicante, Biblioteca Virtual «Miguel de Cervantes», 2006. Other La madre de familia: diálogos instructivos sobre la religión, la moral y las maravillas de la naturaleza, Madrid: D. A. Santa Coloma, 1860. • Tratado de las labores frivolité y malla. == Bibliography ==
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