Henry Bibb

Bibb was born on May 19, 1816, to an enslaved woman, Mildred Jackson, on a Shelby County, Kentucky plantation. a relative of George M. Bibb, a Kentucky state senator. Williard Greenwood, a slaveholder, sold his six siblings away to different buyers. Bibb was hired out by his father for his wages. After wishing to learn to read the Bible he received some education at a school operated by Miss Davis, until the school was shut down by locals. He was taught to read and write by Monroe. The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 increased the danger to Bibb and his second wife, Mary E. Miles. The act made it illegal to help escaped slaves. To ensure their safety, the Bibbs migrated with his mother to Canada and settled in Sandwich, Upper Canada, now Windsor, Ontario. In 1851, he set up the first black newspaper in Canada, The Voice of the Fugitive. The paper helped develop a more sympathetic climate for blacks in Canada as well as helped new arrivals to adjust. Henry and Mary E. Bibb were huge supporters of Canadian emigration and together they managed the Refugee Home Society, which they helped found in 1851 with Josiah Henson. Mary established a school for children. Due to his fame as an author, Bibb was reunited with three of his brothers, who separately had also escaped from slavery to Canada. In 1852, he published their accounts in his newspaper. His cause of death was listed as congestion of the brain. The abolishment of slavery in Canada was finalized on that date in 1833, and the date was (and is) considered a national holiday. == Later life and legacy ==

Henry Bibb is mostly remembered for his life and many escape attempts which he documented in his narrative, but Henry Bibb's mission did not end after his successful escape. Bibb spent the remainder of his life after escape assisting in the Underground Railroad, and later publishing about the abolishment of slavery, while living in Canada. On the Underground Railroad Bibb mainly assisted on the route from Detroit to Canada, which crossed the Detroit river. Slaves would escape to Detroit, at which point they were safe and could either stay there, or cross the river to Detroit. Bibb worked tirelessly assisting this cause. Bibb assisted in establishing the Detroit River region as a safe haven and symbol of freedom for African American's escaping slavery on the Underground Railroad. Even after Bibb moved to Canada to avoid prosecution for his assistance in the Underground Railroad, he still aided those escaping slavery through his publications. Bibb's The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb allowed for his story to remain known. == Ruminations on slavery ==

Account on superstitions among slaves In The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, Bibb provided an account on the superstitions which slaves (including himself, in his youth) partook in. Bibb believed, at the time which he wrote his narrative, that most of these slaves who practiced witchcraft were only pretending to know how to use it. He still acknowledged that the majority of the slaves believed in its merit. Concern of being accused of exaggeration In the last chapter of Bibb's narrative he expresses the fear that he will be accused of exaggerating his story. He clarified that none of his stories were exaggerated, and slavery is not something that could be exaggerated, because it was the peak of dread. == Agent on the Underground Railroad ==

During Bibb's time as an agent for the Underground Railroad he lived in Detroit. Even though he lived in Detroit, his work with the Underground Railroad had him traveling back and forth from Detroit to Canada via the Detroit River often. Bibb's role with the Underground Railroad included crossing the river with some escapees, and meeting others on the other side of the river, in Canada. The details of Bibb's assistance in the Underground Railroad are available thanks to letters he wrote, and that were written about him while he was an agent. Further information was written by Bibb in his publications. == Appendix of The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb ==

The appendix functions as a bibliography. In the appendix, Bibb includes letters as well as excerpts from the Voice of the Fugitive. Letter from Henry Bibb to James G. Birney, written February 25, 1845 Bibb writes to James G. Birney, an abolitionist who accused Bibb of not being truthful in his narrative. Bibb explains, in short, that he was telling the truth in his narrative, and that he appreciated Birney's honest review of his work. He acknowledged that his imperfect recollection of dates led Birney and others to believe he was not being honest. He told his intention of proving his honesty. Henry Bibb's letters to his old master Henry Bibb wrote two letters to Albert G. Sibley. One letter was written on September 23, 1852, and when he did not receive a response he wrote another letter on October 7 of that same year. In the first letter Bibb tells Sibley that he is not a real Christian. Bibb also informs Sibley that his siblings which escaped from Sibley's plantation are now free with him in Canada. Bibb continues the letter addressing all of the horrendous acts associated with enslaving people, which go against the word of God. In the second letter, after Sibley neglected to respond to the first, Bibb continued to call to attention that in order for Sibley to be a real Christian, he had to stop slaveholding. Bibb countered the common slaveholder idea (that freed slaves could not care for themselves) with the fact that slaves cared for themselves, their masters, and the plantation they lived on. Bibb ends the letter by stating that if Sibley tries to contest that anything he said happened, he will provide validation. Bibb then left a note at the bottom of the letter, which let Sibley know that if he continued to ignore his letters he would continue to send more. ==Bibliography==