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1899 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1899 Atlantic hurricane season featured the longest-lasting tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record. There were nine tropical storms, of which five became hurricanes. Two of those strengthened into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale. The first system was initially observed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico on June 26. The tenth and final system dissipated near Bermuda on November 10. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. In post-season analysis, two tropical cyclones that existed in October were added to HURDAT – the official Atlantic hurricane database. At one point during the season, September 3 through the following day, a set of three tropical cyclones existed simultaneously.

Summary
ImageSize = width:800 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/06/1899 till:01/12/1899 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/06/1899 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_≤38_mph_(≤62_km/h) id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_39–73_mph_(63–117_km/h) id:C1 value:rgb(1,1,0.85) legend:Category_1_=_74–95_mph_(118–153_km/h) id:C2 value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Category_2_=_96–110_mph_(154–177_km/h) id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.62,0.35) legend:Category_3_=_111–129_mph_(178–208_km/h) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Category_4_=_130–156_mph_(209–251_km/h) id:C5 value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.90) legend:Category_5_=_≥157_mph_(≥252_km/h) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:26/06/1899 till:27/06/1899 color:TS text:"One (TS)" from:28/07/1899 till:02/08/1899 color:C2 text:"Two (C2)" from:03/08/1899 till:22/08/1899 color:C4 barset:break barset:skip barset:skip from:26/08/1899 till:04/09/1899 color:C1 text:"Three (C4)" from:29/08/1899 till:08/09/1899 color:C2 text:"Four (C2)" from:03/09/1899 till:15/09/1899 color:C3 text:"Five (C3)" from:02/10/1899 till:08/10/1899 color:TS text:"Six (TS)" from:10/10/1899 till:14/10/1899 color:TS text:"Seven (TS)" barset:break from:15/10/1899 till:18/10/1899 color:TS text:"Eight (TS)" from:26/10/1899 till:31/10/1899 color:C2 text:"Nine (C2)" from:07/11/1899 till:10/11/1899 color:TS text:"Ten (TS)" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/06/1899 till:01/07/1899 text:June from:01/07/1899 till:01/08/1899 text:July from:01/08/1899 till:01/09/1899 text:August from:01/09/1899 till:01/10/1899 text:September from:01/10/1899 till:01/11/1899 text:October from:01/11/1899 till:01/12/1899 text:November TextData = pos:(570,30) text:"(From the" pos:(617,30) text:"Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale)" == Systems ==
Systems
Tropical Storm One Weather maps first indicated a tropical storm in the extreme northwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 26. According to Texas State Senator Asbury Bascom Davidson, the Brazos, Colorado, Guadalupe rivers overflowed, Hurricane Two The 1899 Carrabelle Hurricane A hurricane was first observed south of Dominican Republic on July 28. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in Azua Province with an intensity equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on July 29, the system weakened to a tropical storm, shortly before emerging into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It then moved west-northwestward and remained at relatively the same intensity over the next 24 hours. The storm made landfall near Islamorada, Florida, on July 30. Crossing the Florida Keys, it soon emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. The storm began to re-intensify on July 31 and became a hurricane later that day. Early on August 1, it peaked with winds of , several hours before making landfall near Apalachicola, Florida, at the same intensity. The storm quickly weakened inland and dissipated over southern Alabama on August 2. In Dominican Republic, three large schooners were wrecked at Santo Domingo; only one crew member on the three vessels survived. "Great" damage was reported along coastal sections of the country, while a loss of telegraph service impacted most of interior areas. In Florida, damage in the city of Carrabelle was extensive, with no more than a score of "unimportant" houses remained. Losses in the city reached approximately $100,000. At least 57 shipping vessels were destroyed; damage from these ships collectively totaled about $375,000. Additionally, 13 lumber vessels were beached. Many boats at the harbor and the wharfs in Lanark were wrecked. Large portions of stores and pavilions in the city were damaged. The towns of Curtis Mill and McIntyre were completely destroyed, while the resort city of St. Teresa suffered significant damage. Seven deaths were confirmed in Florida. Overall, losses reached at least $1 million. Hurricane Three Hurricane San Ciriaco of 1899 or The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1899 The next storm was first observed as a tropical storm to the southwest of Cape Verde on August 3. It slowly strengthened while heading steadily west-northwestward across the Atlantic Ocean. By late on August 5, the storm strengthened into a hurricane. During the following 48 hours, it deepened further, reaching Category 4 hurricane status before crossing the Leeward Islands on August 7. Later that day, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . The storm weakened slightly before making landfall in Guayama, Puerto Rico, with sustained winds of on August 8. Several hours later, it emerged into the southwestern Atlantic as a Category 3 hurricane; it would remain at that intensity for over nine days. The system paralleled the north coast of Dominican Republic and then crossed the Bahamas, striking several islands, including Andros and Grand Bahama. After clearing the Bahamas, it began heading northward on August 14, while centered east of Florida. Early on the following day, the storm re-curved northeastward and appeared to be heading out to sea. However, by August 17, it turned back to the northwest. At 0100 UTC on August 18, the storm made landfall near Hatteras, North Carolina, with winds. The storm weakened after moving inland and fell to Category 1 intensity by 1200 UTC on August 18. Later that day, the storm re-emerged into the Atlantic Ocean. Now heading northeastward, it continued weakening, but maintained Category 1 intensity. By late on August 20, the storm curved eastward over the northwestern Atlantic. It also began losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on August 22, while located about south of Sable Island. However, after four days, the system regenerated into a tropical storm while located about west-southwest of Flores Island in the Azores on August 26. It moved slowly north-northwestward, until curving to the east on August 29. Between August 26 and September 1, the storm did not differentiate in intensity, but began re-strengthening while turning southeastward on September 2. Early on the following day, the storm again reached hurricane intensity. It curved northeastward and passed through the Azores on September 3, shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. The storm had the longest duration of an Atlantic hurricane on record, lasting for 31 days, about 28 of which it was tropical. In Guadeloupe, the storm unroofed and flooded many houses. Communications were significantly disrupted in the interior portions of the island. Impact was severe in Montserrat, with nearly every building destroyed and 100 deaths reported. About 200 small houses were destroyed on Saint Kitts, with estates suffering considerable damage, while nearly all estates were destroyed on Saint Croix. Eleven deaths were reported on the island. In the Bahamas, strong winds and waves sank 50 small crafts, most of them at Andros. Severe damage was reported in the capital city of Nassau, with over 100 buildings destroyed and many damaged, including the Government House. A few houses were also destroyed in Bimini. The death toll in the Bahamas was at least 125. In the Azores, the storm also caused one fatality and significant damage on some islands. Hurricane Four Weather maps indicated a tropical storm just east of the Lesser Antilles beginning on August 29. Early on September 9, the storm reached maximum sustained winds of . The storm maintained intensity as a Category 3 hurricane and re-curved northward by September 11. The hurricane turned northeastward on September 12 and began to accelerate. Early on September 13, it passed very close to Bermuda, with a minimum barometric pressure of observed on the island. Cedar trees were uprooted, while fruit and ornamental trees were swept out to sea. Some houses were destroyed, while others were deroofed. Severe damage was also reported at the naval yard and colonial government buildings. At Her Majesty's Dockyard alone, damage was "at least five figures". Tropical Storm Six A ship in the western Caribbean Sea reported a tropical storm on October 2. After becoming extratropical, the remnants of the storm brought wind gusts up to to Cape Henry, Virginia and Block Island, Rhode Island. Tropical Storm Eight A tropical depression developed in the central Bahamas on October 15. The depression moved east-northeastward strengthened into a tropical storm by the following day. Later on October 16, the storm peaked with winds of . It re-curved northwestward and slowly began to weaken. Early on October 18, the system fell to tropical depression intensity. Several hours later, the cyclone dissipated while located about east-southeast of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Hurricane Nine An area of disturbed weather developed into a tropical storm while located south-southwest of Jamaica on October 26. ==Season effects==
Season effects
This is a table of all of the known storms that have formed in the 1899 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, landfall, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1899 USD. == See also ==
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