Henry was a younger son of Count
Meinhard II of Görz-Tyrol and
Elizabeth of Bavaria, widow of King
Conrad IV of Germany. Upon the partition of the Meinhardiner estates in 1271, his father maintained the Tyrolean lands, while Henry's uncle
Albert received the
County of Gorizia. In 1276 Count Meinhard married his eldest daughter, Henry's sister
Elizabeth, to
Albert, son of King
Rudolph I of Germany, and in turn was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Carinthia in 1286. After his father's death in late October 1295, Henry inherited the Tyrolean and Carinthian estates. At first, he ruled jointly with his brothers
Otto (d. 1310) and
Louis (d. 1305), until he outlived them. He secured his position by supporting his brother-in-law
Albert I of Habsburg, who thereby was able to defeat rivalling
Adolf of Nassau at the 1298
Battle of Göllheim and was elected
King of the Romans in the same year. He also helped King Albert and his Wittelsbach ally
Louis IV to lay siege against Louis' revolting brother
Rudolf I of the Palatinate at his
Heidelberg residence in 1301.
King of Bohemia Tensions with the
House of Habsburg arose when Henry married the
Přemyslid princess
Anne, the elder sister of King
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, in 1306. In the same year, the Bohemian ruler prepared for a military campaign against
Poland and appointed his brother-in-law regent. Upon Wenceslaus' assassination on 4 August, the Přemyslids became extinct in the male line and Henry was elected his successor by the Bohemian nobility—against the will of his former ally King Albert I of Germany, who intended to install his eldest son
Rudolf of Habsburg on the Bohemian throne. King Albert's troops invaded Bohemia, besieged
Prague Castle and deposed Henry, who had to yield to their superior forces. Nevertheless, Rudolf of Habsburg (mocked as
král kaše, "King Porridge") was never accepted by the Bohemian nobles, and after his sudden death on 4 July 1307, Henry was re-elected King of Bohemia on 15 August. Another attack by King Albert was repelled, and the Habsburg threat was finally ended with Albert's assassination by his nephew
John in 1308. Although Henry was now one of the most powerful rulers in the Holy Roman Empire, his reign marked a period of instability in Bohemia. He was considered weak and wasteful by the Bohemian nobility, who began to look for a more capable successor. Meanwhile, the new German king
Henry VII, a member of the
House of Luxembourg, had also cast a covetous eye on the Bohemian kingdom. In 1310, Henry VII arranged the marriage of his eldest son
John with
Elizabeth, the younger sister of the late King Wenceslaus II. Backed by local nobles and his father, John's troops invaded Bohemia in October of 1310. He captured Prague on 3 December and deposed Henry for the second time. The German king seized the Bohemian fief and ceded it to his son John, who was crowned king the next year. Henry was forced to retire to Carinthia, where his wife Anna died without children in 1313.
Retirement Henry managed to retain Carinthia and Tyrol through reconciliation with the Habsburgs, ceding the
March on the Sann (
Savinja Valley in today
Slovenia) to the Habsburg
Duchy of Styria. He also kept
de facto control over
Carniola. He nevertheless was not able to acquire the Carinthian estates that were held by the
prince-bishops of Bamberg with the consent of Emperor Henry VII. Centred in a compact territory between
Villach and
Tarvis, these possessions enjoyed the status of a virtually sovereign principality, and had a crucial geostrategic position on the only major route from Carinthia to
Friuli and Italy. On the other hand, Henry could reinforce his overlordship in Tyrol against the resistance of the
Trent and
Brixen prince-bishops. Despite his deposition, Henry continued to claim the title of king of Bohemia and the accompanying
electoral dignity, voting for Habsburg candidate
Frederick the Fair during the 1314 double election of the Holy Roman Emperor at
Frankfurt. His contested right to vote was one of the reasons for the ambiguous result, as Henry's rival, the Luxembourg king John, gave his Bohemian vote to
Louis IV of Bavaria. After Louis' victory in the 1322
Battle of Mühldorf, Henry helped to arrange a compromise between the competitors. Henry also reconciled with the Luxembourgs and in 1330 married his daughter
Margaret off to King John's son
John Henry. Since he was the last male heir of the Tyrolean branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty, he attempted to maintain their possessions, but ultimately failed. Even though Emperor Louis IV, in return for Henry's mediation in the dispute with Frederick the Fair, had assured him in 1330 that his daughter could succeed him, Louis reneged on his promise in a
secret treaty with the House of Habsburg in the same year. After Henry's death in 1335, the Habsburg duke
Albert II of Austria and his brother
Otto took control of Carinthia and Carniola. Henry's daughter Margaret could only succeed him in Tyrol with the support of the local nobles; however, in 1363 she ultimately had to bequeath her lands to Albert's II son Duke
Rudolf IV of Austria as well. The Gorizia branch of the Meinhardiner dynasty ruled their county until the extinction of the line in 1500, after which the estates likewise fell to the Habsburgs. ==Marriage and issue==