Early Years. Duke of Jawor, Battle of Stolec As a youth, he was present at the court of King
Ottokar II of Bohemia in
Prague, where he became a knight. In 1273 Henry's father granted him the town of
Jawor (Jauer) as an independent duchy. Four years later,
Bolesław II the Bald, Henry's father, kidnapped his own nephew
Henry IV, ruler of the
Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau), on behalf of his ally, King
Rudolf of Habsburg. This action provoked the indignation of
Lesser Poland's nobility and Henry IV's neighbors, who then launched an expedition to free him and bring Bolesławto justice. The dukes
Przemysł II of
Greater Poland and
Henry III of
Głogów led the Greater Poland-Głogów-Wrocław Coalition in the hard-fought battle of
Ząbkowice Śląskie near
Stolec, one of the bloodiest of the Polish
Middle Ages. While the Coalition forces overwhelmed Bolesław's forces and forced him to flee the field, young Henry's charge turned the tide of the battle and resulted in a great victory. Members of the coalition, including both dukes Przemysł II and Henry III, were captured. However, the young Duke Henry of Jauer saved his family from a disastrous defeat.
Death of Bolesław II the Bald. Henry V, Duke of Legnica Henry became the Duke of Legnica on 26 December 1278, succeeding his father Bolesław II. He soon appointed his younger brothers
Bolko I and
Bernard as co-rulers of
Jawor and
Lwówek. In addition, Henry kept the town of
Środa Śląska, which he had acquired in 1277 in exchange for the release of Henry IV. Henry maintained hostile relations with other Piast Silesian dukes, similar to his father's reign. In 1281, at the invitation of Henry IV Probus, he attended a meeting in
Sądowel. Henry IV, together with his former allies Henry III of Głogów and Przemysł II of Greater Poland, imprisoned the Duke of Legnica and demanded
political concessions. Although Henry regained his freedom later, he was forced to recognize Henry IV as Duke of Wrocław (Breslau). However, King
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia challenged Henry IV's sovereignty over Wrocław (Breslau).
Henry V, Duke of Wrocław. War with Henry III of Głogów On 23 June 1290, Henry IV Probus died suddenly, possibly poisoned. He appointed Henry III of Głogów as his successor. However, the nobility and citizens of Wrocław opposed this decision, fearing that the Duke of Głogów would be a harsh ruler. As a result, Henry III fled and the people of Wrocław (Breslau) invited Henry V to assume the throne. Henry III refused to abdicate, leading to wars where various territories changed hands. On 11 November 1293, Henry was betrayed by Lutka Zdzieszyca, the son of a Wrocław nobleman whom Henry had previously sentenced to death. Henry was subsequently imprisoned for about six months. Henry V secured his release by ceding the towns of
Namysłów,
Bierutów,
Oleśnica,
Kluczbork,
Byczyna,
Wołczyn,
Olesno,
Chojnów, with
Bolesławiec and their fortifications to Henry III, paying a ransom of 30,000 pieces, and swearing to support the Duke of Głogów in all his struggles for the next five years. During his imprisonment in Głogów, Henry's brother Bolko I was appointed regent of his territories. In 1291 Henry V granted Bolko I the towns of
Świdnica (Schweidnitz),
Ziębice,
Ząbkowice Śląskie and
Strzelin in return for his support against Henry III.
Death and legacy Henry was imprisoned in an iron cage and fell ill after his release. His health never fully recovered. Worried about the fate of his duchy, he appealed to the
Holy See for protection in 1294. Henry died on 22 February 1296 and was buried in the convent of the
Poor Clares in Wrocław (Breslau). Since his sons were minors, Henry's brother
Bolko became their guardian. ==Marriage and Children==