The versions are distinguished by the degree of rear steering and actuator for the rear steering rack, with the earliest version using a passive system to steer the rear wheels ("HICAS"), an intermediate version using a hydraulic actuator ("HICAS II"), and a later version using a hydraulic or electric actuator with additional programming ("Super HICAS").
HICAS Nissan initiated "
Project 901" in 1985, named for "90s-number-one" to embody the corporate goal to become Japan's most advanced automobile manufacturer by the 1990s. The earliest version of HICAS, as fitted to the
MID4 concept vehicle (1985), was a passive system which steered the rear wheels up to 0.5° in phase with the front wheels at speeds greater than . Because the passive system essentially compresses the rubber suspension bushings, the resulting angle of rear-wheel steering is relatively small. HICAS was almost used on the 1985 model but was not ready in time for production. The system was later adapted to work on many models in the Nissan range, beginning with the
Passage GT. ;Implementation • 1985–88
Nissan Skyline GTS (R31) HICAS II A later version of HICAS, first shown on the CUE-X concept car (1985), added a hydraulic actuator and
steering rack to the passive system, which allowed the car to steer the rear wheels up to 7° in opposition to the front wheels to aid maneuverability at lower speeds. The hydraulic system again was powered by the power steering pump, using speed sensors to determine how much and in which direction to steer the rear wheels; for production vehicles, rear steering was limited to 1°. ;Implementation • 1988–91
Nissan 180SX Type II Super HICAS Compared to HICAS II, Super HICAS uses a dedicated computer instead of speed sensors to actuate rear steering by up to 1°; upon initial turn in, it is programmed to provide opposite-phase rear wheel steering before turning the rear wheels in-phase, Later versions of Super HICAS moved to an electric actuator for the rear steering rack, making the system much lighter. ;Implementation • 1989–94
Nissan Skyline GT-R (R32) • 1990–95
Infiniti Q45t • 1990–2000
Nissan 300ZX Turbo • 1991–93
Nissan 240SX • 1993–94
Infiniti J30t • 1992-1996
Nissan Leopard (Y32) • 1993-2002
Nissan Laurel (C34-C35) ==See also==