It is a notion that students must
master the lower level skills before they can engage in higher-order thinking. However, the United States
National Research Council objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school. Including higher-order thinking skills in
educational aims and objectives is a very common feature of
standards-based education reform. Advocates of
traditional education object to elevating HOTS above direct instruction of basic skills. Many forms of education reform, such as inquiry-based science,
reform mathematics and
whole language emphasize HOTS to solve problems and learn, sometimes deliberately omitting direct instruction of traditional methods, facts, or knowledge. HOTS assumes
standards based assessments that use open-response items instead of multiple-choice questions, and hence require higher-order analysis and writing. Critics of standards based assessments point out that this style of testing is even more difficult for students who are behind academically. Indeed, while minorities may lag by 10 to 25 points on standardized percentile rankings, the failure rates of minorities are two to four times the best scoring groups on tests like the
WASL. It is debated whether it is correct to raise the importance of teaching process over content. The
Republican Party of Texas expressed their opposition to the teaching of certain HOTS by including the following item in their 2012 Party Platform: "Knowledge-Based Education – We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on
behavior modification and have the purpose of challenging the student's fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority." However, the final wording of this item was evidently a "mistake" according to Republican Party of Texas Communications Director Chris Elam who said, in an interview with
Talking Points Memo, that the plank should not have included the phrase "critical thinking skills" and it was not the intent of the subcommittee to indicate that the RPT was opposed to critical thinking skills. When asked to clarify the meaning of the item he said, "I think the intent is that the Republican Party is opposed to the values clarification method that serves the purpose of challenging students beliefs and undermine parental authority". == See also ==