Early career Tanaka was born in
Hyōgo Prefecture to the Koganei family, and was later adopted into the Tanaka family, whose surname he took. He graduated from the 22nd class of the
Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1910 and after serving as a junior officer with the IJA 37th Infantry Regiment, he attended the Army's Toyama School and subsequently graduated from the 30th class of the
Army Staff College in 1918. He served in various bureaucratic staff positions within the
Imperial Japanese Army General Staff from 1919 to 1920, and was sent as a
military attaché to the
United States from 1923 to 1924. After his return to Japan, he continued to serve in various staff positions, mostly as an instructor, except for a brief stint as commander of the
1st Guards Regiment from 1935 to 1937.
As general Tanaka was promoted to
major general at the end of 1937, and briefly assigned as
Chief of Staff of the
Taiwan Army in 1938. However, with the increase in military activity in China due to the
Second Sino-Japanese War, Tanaka was quickly reassigned to become chief of staff of the newly-formed
Japanese Twenty-First Army from 1938 to 1939. This army was under the control of the
China Expeditionary Army would later be assigned the primary role in the
Canton Operation (the invasion of
Guangdong Province) in southern China; however, Tanaka returned to Japan in August 1939 to serve as Commandant of the Toyama Army Infantry School, before combat operations began. In August 1940, he was promoted to
lieutenant general and given command of the
IJA 21st Division. As part of the
Japanese 12th Army, the division participated in counter-insurgency operations in northern China as well as the
Battle of South Shanxi in May 1941, and the subsequent
Hundred Regiments Offensive. From November 1941, the division was transferred to the control of the
Southern Expeditionary Army Group and transferred to the Philippines, landing at
Lingayen Gulf in February 1942 for the
Philippines Campaign. Tanaka was transferred to command the
IJA Twenty-Third Army in China from March 1943. This was primarily a
garrison force to deter the possible landings of
Allied forces in southern China. It was involved in the
Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou (part of
Operation Ichi-Go) from August to November 1944 and surrendered to the Chinese
Kuomintang forces on August 15, 1945 with the
surrender of Japan. Concurrently, from February 1945 to the end of the war, Tanaka was
Governor-General of Hong Kong during the
Japanese occupation. At the end of the war, Tanaka was arrested by the
American occupation authorities. He and several of his subordinates were tried before an American
military tribunal held in
Shanghai in 1946 for
command responsibility in the
extrajudicial execution of an American POW. Tanaka was found guilty and
sentenced to death by hanging. However, he was then turned over to the
Kuomintang Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal in connection with the actions of IJA 23rd Army in China. Tanaka had both permitted and, at times, ordered and encouraged his troops to commit atrocities, including the rape, torture, and massacres of Chinese POWs and civilians. Tanaka was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was publicly shot in
Canton on 27 March 1947. Tanaka was buried in Guangzhou and his remains were repatriated back to Japan in 1972. ==Footnotes==